https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd Journal of Science and Technology - Technical Universities Hanoi University of Science and Technology en-US Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development 3093-3242 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1155 The bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), a widely consumed pelagic fish with high nutritional and economic value, is recognized as a promising source of bioactive compounds. Despite several studies on its protein hydrolysates, the identification of specific bioactive peptides (BAPs) remains limited due to the laborious and expensive nature of conventional discovery workflows. To address this, an in silico prospecting approach was employed to accelerate BAP discovery. Major tuna muscle proteins were virtually digested under simulated gastrointestinal conditions to generate peptide fragments. These fragments were then screened against established databases for predicted bioactivities, toxicity, bitterness, intestinal, and plasma stability, and novelty. After multi-step in silico screening using integrated bioinformatics tools and comparison with established peptide databases, 179 peptides (2–10 amino acids) were selected from a total of 1,311 peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. These were further narrowed to 26 peptides with PeptideRanker scores greater than 0.5, of which 13 peptides candidates were identified as non-toxic, stable, water-soluble, and exhibiting high predicted bioactivity. Molecular docking analyses indicated favorable interactions with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), with IRP showing the strongest predicted binding to ACE (p = 5.993 × 10⁻⁵) and GCHPK exhibiting the highest affinity toward DPP-IV (p = 9.811 × 10⁻⁴). This computational workflow enables faster and wider identification of tuna-derived BAPs and provides an efficient strategy for nutraceutical development and targeted functional food formulation based on marine protein resources. master Trung Nguyen Ha Dr Cuong Pham Kien Assoc. Prof. Dr. Son Chu Ky Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-06-18 2026-06-18 36 5 001 008 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.1 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1109 process of alkaline pretreatment with 0.5M NaOH solution at 90°C for x h (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 h), bleaching with 5% wt. H2O2 solution at 80oC for 2h, and acid hydrolysis with 4M HNO3 solution at 70oC for 8h, respectively. Obtained MFC samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results confirmed that increasing alkali-treated time from 2 h to 8 h raised the crystalline index from 66.1% to 84.3%, respectively, and revealed morphological transformation from hollow to ribbon fibers. Notably, the stable MFC suspensions were obtained at 2 h and 8 h, highlighting the potential of banana stem waste as a material for manufacturing MFC. These MFC samples were used as a performance enhancer for bio-hydrogel films. The addition of MFC significantly increased the mechanical properties and water vapour permeability (WVP) of the alginate-based hydrogel film. Results also revealed that the performance of the bio-hydrogel films was strongly dependent on the morphology and crystallinity of MFCs: MFC hollow fibers with low CrI favored vapor permeability, whereas MFC ribbon fibers with high CrI improved mechanical strength. The obtained results have demonstrated the potential conversion of banana stem waste to value-added products, MFC, and high-performance bio-hydrogel for food packaging applications. Mrs Linh Dinh Mai Mr Hung Tran Gia Mrs Vinh Le Thi Mrs Anh Nguyen Thi Quynh Mr Tung Nguyen Huy Mr Hieu Dao Minh Dr Hoanh Ngo Van Assoc. Mai Phan Thi Tuyet Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2026-10-13 2026-10-13 36 5 009 017 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.2 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1440 This study evaluates the occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological risk of six phthalate esters (PAEs) — including DMP, DEP, DOP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP — in surface sediments of West Lake, the largest urban lake in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sediment samples were collected at 10 sampling stations across four seasonal campaigns: May and November of 2022 and 2023, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. PAEs were detected at all sampling stations with a detection frequency of 100%, indicating the ubiquitous and continuous presence of these compounds in the lake sediments. The total concentration of Σ6PAEs ranged from 19.49 to 53.24 µg/kg dry weight (dw), with an overall mean of 37.04 ± 9.64 µg/kg dw. DEHP and DBP were the predominant compounds, contributing approximately 54.4% and 20.4% of Σ6PAEs, respectively, reflecting their primary origin from domestic wastewater and plastic materials in the densely urbanized areas surrounding the lake. Regarding seasonal variation, PAE concentrations in the dry season (November) were generally higher than those in the rainy season (May), with a gradual increasing trend observed from 2022 to 2023 at an average rate of 5–8%. Ecological risk assessment using the Risk Quotient (RQ) approach indicated that PAEs in West Lake sediments currently pose low to moderate risk to aquatic organisms, with RQ values remaining below the high-risk threshold. Ms Vu Thu Huyen Thu Huyen Vu Prof. Dr. Vu Duc Toan Duc Toan Vu Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2026-10-28 2026-10-28 36 5 018 025 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.3 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1513 Decentralized domestic wastewater discharge remains a major source of urban surface water pollution in Viet Nam, highlighting the need for compact, low-cost, and sustainable treatment technologies. This study evaluated the performance of a household-scale subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSF-CW) planted with Phragmites Australis for decentralized domestic wastewater treatment and water reuse. The system was designed for a typical four-person household, treating approximately 700 L of wastewater per day within a compact footprint of 2.25 m², and operated at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 2 and 3 days. Influent wastewater contained COD, NH₄⁺-N, and TSS concentrations of 142–359, 35–60, and 216–420 mg/L, respectively. At an HRT of 3 days, the system achieved excellent treatment performance, reducing COD, NH₄⁺-N, and TSS to average effluent concentrations of 4 ± 5, 2.9 ± 1.1, and 3.6 ± 2.6 mg/L, respectively. Shortening the HRT to 2 days resulted in higher effluent concentrations of 9 ± 10 mg/L COD, 4.5 ± 1.1 mg/L NH₄⁺-N, and 53 ± 11.2 mg/L TSS, although treatment performance remained satisfactory. The results demonstrate that the SSF-CW system provides effective pollutant removal while maintaining a compact footprint, simple operation, and low construction and operating costs. These characteristics make the system a promising solution for decentralized household wastewater treatment and landscape irrigation reuse in urban areas, supporting sustainable urban water management and reducing pollutant loads discharged into receiving water bodies. PhD Dung Nguyen Hoang Dr. Nam Nguyen Hoang Asst..Prof. Ha Nguyen Thi Dr. Duc Pham Viet Dr. Thuy Dang Thi Ngoc Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-11-03 2026-11-03 36 5 026 035 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.4 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1484 The semiconductor industry is currently facing a major challenge in treating wastewater that contains high concentrations of pollutants and a complex composition. This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of membrane distillation (MD) technology in treating semiconductor wastewater by investigating the influence of operating parameters–including feed temperature (40–80 °C) and flow rate (200–400 mL/min) on permeate flux, pollutant removal efficiency, and the concentration factor of the system. Experimental results show that feed temperature is the dominant factor controlling the increase in permeate flux, with the optimal operating condition occurring at a temperature of 60 °C and a flow rate of 300 mL/min. The MD technology effectively removes the characteristic pollutants, including organic matter, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, and SiO₂, with removal efficiencies maintained above 95%. In particular, for multivalent anions such as PO₄³⁻, the separation process exhibits very high effectiveness, with removal efficiency reaching nearly 99%, while the concentration factor attained is 2.3. This study provides an initial assessment of the potential of MD technology for clean-water recovery, concentration, and efficient resource reuse from the semiconductor industry. Mr. Quan Pham Minh Ms. Khue Tran Thi Minh Mr. Bao Tran Thai Dat Le Dac Ms. Trang Nguyen Thi Thuy Mr. Khai Pham Quang Thuy Vu Ngoc Dr. Viet Nguyen Duc Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-10-12 2026-10-12 36 5 036 043 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.5 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1234 As is known, traditional treatment methods often struggle with the efficient degradation of organic dyes, creating an urgent need for advanced and sustainable materials in wastewater treatment. In this study, Dicliptera tinctoria leaf extract was used to synthesize a green Ag@ZnO nanomaterial, and the optimal Ag mixing level was investigated to achieve superior photocatalytic performance under both UV and visible light. Additionally, the feasibility and interbatch stability of the material were systematically evaluated. The crystalline phase and optical structural properties of the synthesized material were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that the studied parameters significantly influenced the degradation efficiency of Methylene Blue (MB). When water was used as the solvent during the extraction process, the degradation efficiency of MB reached a maximum of 91.11% after 90 minutes of UV irradiation. Using a 1:1 mixture of water and alcohol, the degradation efficiency improved notably, reaching 100% after only 60 minutes of UV irradiation. Varying the concentration of the MB dye also affects its degradation efficiency; specifically, reducing the dye concentration leads to an increase in degradation efficiency. The optical property analysis indicates that at an MB concentration of 5 ppm, a remarkable degradation efficiency of 98.12% is achieved under visible light irradiation over a reaction period of 180 minutes in order to ensure complete evaluation. Student Hoa Lai Tien Dr. Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet Assoc. Prof. Dung Ta Ngoc Assoc. Prof. Chinh Huynh Dang Dr. Anh Luu Thi Lan Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 2026-10-29 2026-10-29 36 5 044 052 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.6 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1294 The Gold leaching from waste mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) using an ammoniacal thiosulphate system was systematically investigated, with particular emphasis on the roles of dissolved oxygen, copper(II) ions, thiosulphate, and ammonia. Leaching experiments were conducted at 30 °C using dissolved oxygen and copper(II) ions acting as oxidants. The effects of reagent concentrations on gold dissolution kinetics were quantified using initial rate analysis. In the absence of Cu(II), the gold leaching rate exhibited an apparent reaction order of approximately 0.3 with respect to dissolved oxygen. Under oxygen-free conditions, reaction orders of 1.2, 0.38, and 0.32 were obtained for thiosulphate, Cu(II), and ammonia, respectively. A maximum gold dissolution of 98% within 10 min was achieved using a solution containing 60 mM thiosulphate, 10 mM Cu(II), and 0.26 M ammonia. Surface and phase characterisation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed complete gold removal under optimal conditions. The results provide a coherent basis for optimising thiosulphate-based gold recovery from waste mobile phones. Dr Hung Ha Vinh Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-07-22 2026-07-22 36 5 053 059 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.7 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1546 Approximately 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated worldwide each year, posing significant environmental and waste management challenges. This study investigates the physicochemical characteristics, fuel properties, and energy-recovery potential of the oversized fraction of MSW (>40 mm) for refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production. Without source separation, the screened fraction primarily consists of plastics, paper, textiles, and rubber, making it suitable for conversion into a secondary fuel. The screened MSW exhibited an average moisture content of 32.32 wt%, which can be substantially reduced through appropriate pretreatment, and a higher heating value (HHV) of 25.96 MJ/kg, indicating considerable energy-recovery potential. The average ash content was 22.97 wt%, while carbon and hydrogen contents ranged from 50–60 wt% and 6–8 wt%, respectively. The addition of black liquor can improve pellet binding, enabling pelletization at lower pressing temperatures and reducing electricity consumption, while CaO can promote reactions with sulfur and chlorine during combustion, potentially reducing the formation of toxic gaseous emissions. An economic assessment estimated annual savings of approximately $M 20.2 from partial fossil-fuel substitution in a representative Vietnamese cement plant. Furthermore, 5% co-firing of RDF derived from screened MSW in Vietnam’s coal-fired power plants could potentially reduce annual coal expenditures by approximately $M 225. Compared with conventional studies on MSW-derived RDF, this work provides an integrated assessment of fuel properties and practical energy-recovery potential. The findings demonstrate the significant potential of screened MSW for RDF production, fossil-fuel substitution, energy recovery, and sustainable waste management. Mrs. Minh Nguyen Thi Binh Assoc. Prof. Truong Do Xuan Ms. Nga Dang Huyen Ms Minh Nguyen Thao Assoc. Prof. Son Le Thanh Mr Hung Nguyen Dinh Mr. Anh Nguyen Dinh Nhat Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-10-30 2026-10-30 36 5 060 068 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.8 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1380 Vietnam’s rapid transport electrification and its carbon-intensive power sector necessitate decentralized renewable energy solutions. While solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are expanding, comprehensive life cycle assessments (LCA) of PV integrated with battery energy storage systems (BESS) for electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations under local tropical conditions remain scarce. This study assesses the cradle-to-grave environmental impacts of a grid-connected PV-BESS EV charging facility in South-Central Vietnam over a 25-year lifespan. Adhering to ISO 14040/14044, an attributional LCA was conducted using OpenLCA and Ecoinvent 3.11, applying the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The functional unit is defined as the direct current electricity delivered to the EV battery. The system exhibits a total global warming potential (GWP) of 5.58×105 kg CO2-eq, translating to an emission intensity of 0.0611 kg CO2-eq/kWh. Upstream manufacturing dictates the environmental burden, with the PV subsystem and BESS accounting for 70.09% and 6.09% of total climate impacts, respectively. The system also induces mineral resource scarcity evaluated at 2.87×104 kg Cu-eq. The sensitivity analysis indicates that different EV charger deployment scenarios lead to significant variations in the environmental indicators. By stratifying supply-chain electricity grids to separate manufacturing and operational phases, this study provides a geographically precise carbon footprint for hybrid infrastructure. Mr. Y Nguyen Viet Ms Huong Pham Thi Kim Dr. Anh Hoang Mr. Cuong Trinh Van Dr. Dung Pham Hung Mr. Phong Nguyen The Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2026-10-28 2026-10-28 36 5 069 077 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.9 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1360 (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.07BaTiO3–xSr(Sn0.5Zr0.5)O3 (abbreviated as BNT–7BT–xSSZ) lead-free ceramics were fabricated via a conventional solid-state reaction method with x in the range 0–0.05, where 1 wt.% Li2CO3 was introduced to reduce the sintering temperature to approximately 1050 oC. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed that all samples maintain the coexistence of R3c and P4bm phases that the investigated system remains within an extended morphotropic phase boundary region. The incorporation of SSZ modifies the phase fractions and lattice distortion, while maintaining typical relaxor-ferroelectric characteristics. The dielectric properties reveal that the composition with x = 0.04 exhibits the highest dielectric constant of approximately 1300 at room temperature, with a dielectric loss of about 4%. Meanwhile, x equal 0.01 exhibits the best electromechanical performance, with the highest strain (Smax approximately 0.23 % at 60 kV/cm) and a corresponding high dynamic piezoelectric coefficient (d33* approximately 385 pm/V). This behavior is attributed to a relatively higher P4bm fraction within the morphotropic phase boundary region, which enhances polar nano-region dynamics and facilitates reversible polarization under an applied electric field. With increasing dopant content, the electromechanical response gradually decreases due to reduced polarization and strain activity, while the relaxor characteristics are maintained across all compositions. These results demonstrate that Sr(Sn0.5Zr0.5)O3 (SSZ) doping is an effective strategy to tune the structure–property relationship in BNT-based ceramics for electromechanical and dielectric applications. Ms Nhi Pham Thao Ms Yen Ta Thi Thu Mr Minh Nguyen Ngoc Dr.Engr Thao Nguyen Thi Dr.Engr Hinh Dinh Thi Assoc.Prof. Ngoc Tran Vu Diem Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-07-28 2026-07-28 36 5 078 085 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.10 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1335 As fossil fuels continue to dominate the global energy mix, the thermochemical conversion of biomass via pyrolysis offers a carbon-neutral pathway to produce high-value biochar. However, optimizing this highly nonlinear process remains challenging, especially when constrained by limited experimental data. This study investigates the pyrolysis of peanut shell-an abundant agricultural residue in ASEAN countries-aiming to simultaneously maximize biochar yield and fixed carbon content. To overcome the small dataset limitation (N = 9), a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model was developed. Incorporating Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) and hyperparameter tuning, the GPR approach effectively mitigated overfitting while providing intrinsic uncertainty quantification-a distinct advantage over conventional machine learning methods. The surrogate model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (R2 equal 0.9975 for yield and 0.9341 for fixed carbon). By coupling GPR with the NSGA-II algorithm, a robust multi-objective optimization framework was established. The generated Pareto front identified optimal operating conditions that secured high fixed carbon levels (e.g., above 75 wt%) while maintaining total predictive uncertainty below 2.5%. Ultimately, this data-efficient framework provides a highly reliable strategy for optimizing biomass pyrolysis and scaling sustainable bioenergy systems with minimal experimental overhead. Phuc Vu Hong Mr. Dat Nguyen Hoang Mr. Huy Do Quang Mr. Huy Nguyen Quang Mr. Duy Nguyen Duc Dr. Thieu Trinh Viet Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ 2026-07-28 2026-07-28 36 5 086 093 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.11 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1418 Constant Volume Combustion Chambers (CVCCs) are widely used to investigate fuel spray and combustion processes under well-controlled conditions. However, such facilities are currently unavailable in Vietnam, where compression ignition (CI) engine research mainly relies on conventional engine test benches with limited flexibility for fundamental combustion studies. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a CVCC developed for diesel spray and combustion research under CI engine conditions. The design considered chamber geometry, dimensions, materials, durability, efficiency, and operational safety. Structural and thermal analyses were performed using finite element methods in ANSYS to ensure mechanical strength and thermal stability while maintaining a compact and cost-effective configuration. The simulations predicted maximum Von Mises stresses of 20.4 MPa in the chamber body and 27.7 MPa in the flange cover, with a maximum deformation of only 0.002 mm, confirming adequate structural integrity under the design operating conditions. The CVCC was fabricated using locally available manufacturing processes and integrated with gas supply, electrical heating, pressure measurement, optical diagnostics, and a common-rail diesel injection system. Experimental results demonstrated stable fuel spray development and combustion under elevated pressure and temperature conditions. Measurements of flame evolution, in-chamber pressure, and heat release rate confirmed reliable operation and suitability for combustion diagnostics. The developed CVCC provides an important experimental platform for fundamental CI combustion research in Vietnam and supports future investigations of alternative and low-carbon fuels. Mr Van Thu Hoang Assoc.Prof, Dr. Huu Tuyen Pham Mr Van Nghia Do Dr. Huu Tuan Nguyen Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2026-10-28 2026-10-28 36 5 094 102 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.12 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1328 Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the field of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) are increasingly being explored for research purposes, intelligent device control, behavior recognition, and supporting users in contactless interactions. To address the demands of BCI applications, this study proposes an eye-blink signal acquisition device based on EEG signals with key characteristics including compact size, low cost, and high accuracy. In parallel, a deep learning model based on a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) integrated with the CBA-FusionNet architecture—combining CNN, BiLSTM, and an Attention mechanism—is developed to maximize the classification performance of eye-blink signals corresponding to specific behaviors such as left-eye blink, right-eye blink, simultaneous blinking of both eyes, and the neutral (no-blink) state. By integrating the signal acquisition hardware with CNN-based signal processing software, the proposed system forms a complete framework with potential applications in contactless control interfaces and user-assistive devices. Dr. Viet Ngo Ba Assoc. Prof. Hai Nguyen Thanh Dr. Nghia Nguyen Thanh Prof. Tan Tran Duc Ms. Nghiep Chu Thi Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2026-10-30 2026-10-30 36 5 103 115 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.13 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1083 This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied to support green supply chain management practices (GSCMP) through an exploratory single-case study of Viettel Post, a leading logistics enterprise in Vietnam. We draw on five semi-structured interviews with managerial informants (July-September 2024) and triangulate them with company documents and public secondary sources. Using thematic analysis, we find that AI adoption is currently most developed in operational and reverse-logistics activities (e.g., route optimization, sorting automation, and smart energy controls), while AI use in green purchasing and inter-organizational environmental collaboration remains limited due to data availability, investment cost, skills, and partner data-sharing constraints. We interpret this uneven adoption pattern through the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and dynamic capabilities and propose a phased "low-hanging fruit" roadmap emphasizing data readiness, governance, and leadership commitment. The study contributes qualitative evidence from an emerging-market logistics context while acknowledging limitations inherent to a single-case design and a small interview sample. Assoc. Prof. Danh Nguyen Nguyen PhD Candidate Thi Thuy Mac Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-06-18 2026-06-18 36 5 116 124 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.14 https://jst.vn/index.php/etsd/article/view/1186 This study examines the impact of teamwork factors on the success of Agile Software Development projects in Hanoi’s software outsourcing sector, addressing the lack of empirical evidence from emerging economies. The study integrated the Input–Process–Output model, the Teamwork Quality model, and the Agile Teamwork Effectiveness Model to examine the influence of teamwork factors on project success. Survey data from 260 agile team members in Hanoi show five key teamwork factors that influence agile project success: communication, adaptability, coordination of expertise, mutual trust, and shared leadership. Among these, communication has the strongest effect, while shared leadership exhibits the weakest. In contrast, peer feedback and team cohesion do not have significant direct effects on project success, although organizational and cultural conditions may influence Agile practices effectiveness. These findings emphasize that effective agile teamwork relies on technical coordination, interpersonal dynamics, and adaptive collaboration. This study contributes to the Agile literature by providing empirical evidence from a non-Western, emerging economy context while challenging assumptions commonly reported in Western Agile studies regarding the roles of peer feedback and cohesion. The findings reveal that agile performance relies on the interaction between interpersonal and structural team dynamics, whereas peer feedback and cohesion do not exhibit significant direct effects, suggesting that Agile teamwork mechanisms may depend on organizational and cultural contexts. These insights suggest that although agile practices are globally recognized, their effectiveness depends on adaptation to local cultural and managerial contexts, offering theoretical and practical implications for agile management in emerging economies. Assoc. Prof. Thi Thanh Hong Pham Ms. Thi Ninh Nguyen Ms. Mai Chi Pham Copyright (c) 2026 Engineering and Technology For Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2026-10-29 2026-10-29 36 5 126 136 10.51316/jst.195.etsd.2026.36.5.15