Cluster-Based Routing Approach in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks toward Energy Efficiency using Genetic Algorithm
Main Article Content
Abstract
Energy efficiency is one of the important factors when exploiting Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for increasing lifespan and performance. In the network nowadays, the number of sensor nodes can reach hundreds or thousands and can be arranged in complex hierarchical architecture. Besides, the current sensor nodes have a small size, limited battery source but are operated in vast areas. The clustered-based method has been an effective and potentially extensible means of boosting the management and operation of such large-scale networks and minimizing the overall energy consumption. In this paper, the issue of arranging and routing the nodes in the sensor network in a hierarchical manner is investigated, in which each lowest level sensor nodes are grouped in a cluster with a common cluster head, then the cluster-head plays an intermediate role transmit the information back and forth between the sensor nodes and the base station. In this way, the route to exchange information can not only be optimized with respect to the distance but also for energy spent on the communication. In order to do so, this paper proposed a novel method based on a Genetic Algorithm to establish a routing protocol to achieve energy optimization. The results demonstrate that this approach can decrease the energy consumption according to the optimized routing through clustering and increase the performance superior to the other clustering schemes.
Keywords
Wireless sensor network, energy efficiency, clustering, routing, optimization, genetic algorithm
Article Details
References
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[4] Aponte-Luis, J., Gómez-Galán, J. A., Gómez-Bravo, F., Sánchez-Raya, M., Alcina-Espigado, J., & Teixido-Rovira, P. M. (2018). An efficient wireless sensor network for industrial monitoring and control. Sensors, 18(1), 182.
[5] Mahamuni, C. V. (2016, December). A military surveillance system based on wireless sensor networks with extended coverage life. In 2016 International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication (ICGTSPICC) (pp. 375-381).
[6] Xu, J. F. (2011). A defense system for wireless sensor networks. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 18, 119-122.
[7] Abbas, A. H., Mohammed, M. M., Ahmed, G. M., Ahmed, E. A., & Seoud, R. A. A. A. A. (2014, April). Smart watering system for gardens using wireless sensor networks. In 2014 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[8] Balhwan, S., Gupta, D., & Reddy, S. R. N. (2019). Smart parking—a wireless sensor networks application using IoT. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Networking (pp. 217-230). Springer, Singapore.
[9] Alharbe, N. and Abdullah, M., 2017. Routing Protocols for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks: Characteristics and Challenges. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC), 9(1-3), pp.7-13.
[10] Ketshabetswe, L. K., Zungeru, A. M., Mangwala, M., Chuma, J. M., & Sigweni, B. (2019). Communication protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey and comparison. Heliyon, 5(5), e01591.
[11] Kleinrock, L., & Kamoun, F. (1977). Hierarchical routing for large networks performance evaluation and optimization. Computer Networks (1976), 1(3), 155-174.
[12] Kim, H., Seok, Y., Choi, N., Choi, Y., & Kwon, T. (2005, January). Optimal multi-sink positioning and energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. In International conference on information networking (pp. 264-274). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[13] Tas, N. C., Sastry, C., & Mesrob, V. (2008, August). Noise-aware energy-efficient sensor binding. In 2008 Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (pp. 1-6).
[14] Gupta, G., & Younis, M. (2003, May). Load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC'03. (Vol. 3, pp. 1848-1852).
[15] Safa, H., Moussa, M., Artail, H., & Abbani, N. (2011, September). A heuristic based approach for sensor-to-sink binding in WSNs. In 2011 IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications (ISWTA) (pp. 102-107).
[16] Srinivas, M., & Patnaik, L. M. (1994). Genetic algorithms: A survey. computer, 27(6), 17-26.