PR Current Controllers for Harmonics Generators to Test an Inductive Current Transformer
Main Article Content
Abstract
Current transformers are commonly used electrical devices to measure the current of electric loads. To assess the quality and accuracy of the current transformer, one of the necessary requirements is to evaluate the accuracy of this object under the condition that the primary current has a large distorted waveform and is composed of harmonics. This has led to the need to create a programmable current source capable of generating current that contains basic harmonic components and high harmonics according to present standards. The current source must accurately generate the desired amplitude and frequency values, which in turn requires the use of resonant modulation regulators. The parameters of the regulator greatly affect the quality of the above current source. Therefore, this article will present a method of calculating the proportional-resonant regulator parameter, corresponding to each generated harmonic component. Simulation results performed in MATLAB software have proven effective design methods when applying the generated harmonic components. Experiment results will be discussed in detail for such an advanced regulator.
Keywords
Current transformer, Fundamental current, Harmonic distortion, High frequency, Accuracy, Harmonics pollution
Article Details
References
[1] B. A. Luciano, R. C. Silverio Freire, J. G. de Assis Lira, G. Fontgalland, and W. B. de Castro; Current Transformer with Toroidal Nanocrystalline Alloy Core; IEEE Lat. Am. Trans., 2006.
[2] M. Kaczmarek; Inductive current transformer accuracy of transformation for the PQ measurements; Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 150, pp. 169–176, Sep. 2017.
[3] M. Kaczmarek; Wide Frequency Operation of the Inductive Current Transformer with Ni80Fe20 Toroidal Core; Electr. Power Components Syst., 2014.
[4] M. Kaczmarek and S. Jama; Accuracy of inductive voltage transformer in the presence of voltage high harmonics; in ICHVE 2014 – 2014 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, 2014.
[5] Z. Spoljaric, V. Jerkovic, and M. Stojkov; Measurement system for transformer inrush current higher harmonics determination; in 23rd DAAAM International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation 2012, 2012, vol. 2.
[6] Cataliotti, D. Di Cara, P. A. Di Franco, A. E. Emanuel, and S. Nuccio; Frequency response of Measurement Current Transformers; in 2008 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2008, pp. 1254–1258.
[7] S. M. Halpin; Comparison of IEEE and IEC Harmonic Standards; in IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005, 2005, pp. 2732–2734.
[8] IEC, IEC 60044-1 Instrument transformers Part 1 Current transformers, Iec 60044-1, 2003.
[9] R. Neumann; The importance of IEC 61000-4-30 Class A for the coordination of power quality levels: Is it important?; in 2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, EPQU, 2007.
[10] IEC, IEC 61000-4-30 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques – Power quality measurement methods, IEEE, 2000.
[11] International Electrotechnical Commission - IEC; International Standard IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Testing and measurement techniques-Surge immunity test. 2005.
[12] International Electrotechnical Commission, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-15: Testing and measurement techniques - FlickermeterFunctional and design specifications, IEC 61000-4-15, 2011.
[13] Phuong Vu, Ngoc Dinh, Nam Hoang, Quan Nguyen, Dich Nguyen, Minh Tran; A Generalized Parameter Tuning Method of Proportional-Resonant Controllers for Dynamic Voltage Restorers; International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, Vol 9, No 4, December 2018.
[14] D. Zammit, C. Spiteri Staines, M. Apap, and J. Licari; Design of PR current control with selective harmonic compensators using Matlab; J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 347–358, Dec. 2017.
[15] N. Zhang, H. Tang, and C. Yao; A systematic method for designing a PR controller and active damping of the LCL filter for single-phase grid-connected PV inverters; Energies, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 3934–3954, 2014.
[16] Y. Song, J. Wang, and A. Monti; Design of systematic parameter tuning approaches for multiple proportional-resonance AC current regulator; in 2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2015, 2015.
[17] R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, U. Borup, and M. Liserre; A new control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero steady-state error and selective harmonic compensation; in Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC ′04., vol. 1, pp. 580–586.
[18] F. De Bosio, L. A. D. S. Ribeiro, M. S. Lima, F. Freijedo, J. M. Guerrero, and M. Pastorelli; Inner current loop analysis and design based on resonant regulators for isolated microgrids; in 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference, COBEP/SPEC 2016, 2015, pp. 1–6.
[19] M. S. Lima, L. A. D. S. Ribeiro, and J. G. De Matos; Comparison analysis of resonant controllers in discrete domain taking into account the computational delay; in 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference, COBEP/SPEC 2016, 2015.
[20] Phuong Vu, Quan Nguyen, Minh Tran, Duong Tuan, Hung Tran; A systematic design of PR current controllers for single-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverters under distorted grid voltage; Journal of Electrical Systems, Vol 14 Issue 3, (September 2018).
[21] R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and P. Rodriguez; Grid converters for photovoltaic and wind power systems. John Wiley, Ltd, 2011.
[2] M. Kaczmarek; Inductive current transformer accuracy of transformation for the PQ measurements; Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 150, pp. 169–176, Sep. 2017.
[3] M. Kaczmarek; Wide Frequency Operation of the Inductive Current Transformer with Ni80Fe20 Toroidal Core; Electr. Power Components Syst., 2014.
[4] M. Kaczmarek and S. Jama; Accuracy of inductive voltage transformer in the presence of voltage high harmonics; in ICHVE 2014 – 2014 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, 2014.
[5] Z. Spoljaric, V. Jerkovic, and M. Stojkov; Measurement system for transformer inrush current higher harmonics determination; in 23rd DAAAM International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation 2012, 2012, vol. 2.
[6] Cataliotti, D. Di Cara, P. A. Di Franco, A. E. Emanuel, and S. Nuccio; Frequency response of Measurement Current Transformers; in 2008 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2008, pp. 1254–1258.
[7] S. M. Halpin; Comparison of IEEE and IEC Harmonic Standards; in IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005, 2005, pp. 2732–2734.
[8] IEC, IEC 60044-1 Instrument transformers Part 1 Current transformers, Iec 60044-1, 2003.
[9] R. Neumann; The importance of IEC 61000-4-30 Class A for the coordination of power quality levels: Is it important?; in 2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, EPQU, 2007.
[10] IEC, IEC 61000-4-30 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques – Power quality measurement methods, IEEE, 2000.
[11] International Electrotechnical Commission - IEC; International Standard IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Testing and measurement techniques-Surge immunity test. 2005.
[12] International Electrotechnical Commission, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-15: Testing and measurement techniques - FlickermeterFunctional and design specifications, IEC 61000-4-15, 2011.
[13] Phuong Vu, Ngoc Dinh, Nam Hoang, Quan Nguyen, Dich Nguyen, Minh Tran; A Generalized Parameter Tuning Method of Proportional-Resonant Controllers for Dynamic Voltage Restorers; International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, Vol 9, No 4, December 2018.
[14] D. Zammit, C. Spiteri Staines, M. Apap, and J. Licari; Design of PR current control with selective harmonic compensators using Matlab; J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 347–358, Dec. 2017.
[15] N. Zhang, H. Tang, and C. Yao; A systematic method for designing a PR controller and active damping of the LCL filter for single-phase grid-connected PV inverters; Energies, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 3934–3954, 2014.
[16] Y. Song, J. Wang, and A. Monti; Design of systematic parameter tuning approaches for multiple proportional-resonance AC current regulator; in 2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2015, 2015.
[17] R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, U. Borup, and M. Liserre; A new control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero steady-state error and selective harmonic compensation; in Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC ′04., vol. 1, pp. 580–586.
[18] F. De Bosio, L. A. D. S. Ribeiro, M. S. Lima, F. Freijedo, J. M. Guerrero, and M. Pastorelli; Inner current loop analysis and design based on resonant regulators for isolated microgrids; in 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference, COBEP/SPEC 2016, 2015, pp. 1–6.
[19] M. S. Lima, L. A. D. S. Ribeiro, and J. G. De Matos; Comparison analysis of resonant controllers in discrete domain taking into account the computational delay; in 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference, COBEP/SPEC 2016, 2015.
[20] Phuong Vu, Quan Nguyen, Minh Tran, Duong Tuan, Hung Tran; A systematic design of PR current controllers for single-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverters under distorted grid voltage; Journal of Electrical Systems, Vol 14 Issue 3, (September 2018).
[21] R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and P. Rodriguez; Grid converters for photovoltaic and wind power systems. John Wiley, Ltd, 2011.