Monitoring the Estrogenic Activities of the Metabolites of Bisphenol A, F and S During Sphingobium Fuliginis OMI-Mediated Biodegradation
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its isomers: bisphenol S (BPS) and biphenol F (BPF) have been found in vast number of applications from join and coating materials to everyday items. The release of these chemicals into environments has received great concerns recently and has been reported to associate with various toxicities in animals and human. Among those toxicities, estrogenicity is in high attention since not only BPA and its isomers but also various compounds created during their metabolism can mimic the activity of estrogen in endocrine system. In this study, the estrogenic activities of the metablites created during the biodgradation of BPA, BPF and BPS were monitored. The strain Sphingobium fuliginis OMI was found efficient to remove the bisphenols from mediums. However, study also revealed that the estrogenic activity, in general, remained during the whole biodegradation experiment. It even showed a little increase in the case of BPS at 20 hours after starting the degradation.
Keywords
Bisphenol, Biodegradation, Estrogenic activity
Article Details
References
[1] Ballesteros-Gomez A. et al. Analytical methods for the determination of bisphenol A in food. J. Chromatogr. A 1216 (2009) 449-469.
[2] Asimakopolous A. G. et al. Recent trends in biomonitoring of bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol. Toxicology Letters 210 (2012) 141-154.
[3] Umar M. et al. Application of ozone for the removal of bisphenol A from water and wastewater A review. Chemosphere 90 (2013) 2197-2207.
[4] Greens T. et al. A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50 (2012) 3725-3740.
[5] Editorial. How safe is bisphenol A? Fundamentals of toxicity: metabolism, electron transfer and oxidative stress. Medical Hypotheses 75 (2010) 1-4.
[6] Teeguarden J. et al. Are typical human serum BPA concentration measurable and sufficient to be estrogenic in the general population? Food and Chemical Toxicity 62 (2013) 949-963.
[7] Mohapatra D.P. et al. Physico-chemical pre-treatment and biotransformation of wastewater and wastewater Sludge Fate of bisphenol A. Chemosphere 78 (2010) 923-941.
[8] Katsumata H. et al. Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Ag3PO4 under visible light. Catalysis Communication 30 (2013) 30-34.
[9] Kondrakov A. O. et al. Formation of genotoxic quinones during bisphenol degradation by TiO2 photocatalysis and UV photolysis: A comparative study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 160-161 (2014) 106-114.
[10] Zhang X. et al. Degradation of bisphenol A by hydrogen peroxide activated with CuFeO2 microparticles as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst: Efficiency, stability and mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal 236 (2014) 251-262.
[11] Lou L. et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of fluorinated anatase TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A. Applied Surface Science 353 (2015) 469-479.
[12] Karim Z. and Hussain Q. Guaiacol-mediated oxidative degradation and polymerization of bisphenol A catalyzed by bitter gourd (Monordica charantia) peroxidase. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 59 (2009) 185-189.
[13] Debore M. et al. Oxidation of bisphenol A by ozone in aqueous solution. Water Research 42 (2008) 4299-4308.
[14] Eio E. J. et al. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by bacterial consortia. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 96 (2014) 166-173.
[15] Kamaraj M. et al. Biodegradation of Bisphenol A by the tolerant bacterial species isolated from coastal regions of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradtion 93 (2014) 216-222.
[16] Omoike A. et al. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by Heliscus lugdunensis, a naturally occurring hyphomycete in freshwater environment. Chemosphere 91 (2013) 1643-1647.
[17] Saiyood S. et al. Bisphenol A removal by the Dracaena plant and the role of plant-associating bacteria. Journal of Hazardous Materials 178 (2010) 777-785.
[18] Zhang W. et al. Bacteria-mediated bisphenol A degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97 (2013) 5681-5689.
[19] McCormick J. M. et al. Microbially mediated O-methylation of bisphenol A results in metabolites with increased toxicity to the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011) 6567-6574
[20] Yoshihara S. et al. Potent estrogenic metabolites of bisphenol A and bisphenol B formed by rat liver S9 factions: their structures and estrogenic potency. Toxicol. Sci. 78(1) (2004) 50-59.
[21] Okuda K. et al. Novel pathway of metabolic activation of bisphanol A-related compounds for estrogenic activity. Drug Metab. Dispos. 39(9) (2011) 1696-1703.
[22] Suzuki T. et al. Environmental fate of bisphenol A and its biological metabolites in river water and their xeno-estrogenic activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(8) (2004) 2389-2396.
[23] Ogata Y. et al. Occurrence of 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP) biodegradation in an aquatic sample caused by the presence of Spriodella polyrrhiza and isolation of a 4-t-BP-utilizing bacterium. Biodegradation 24 (2013) 191-202.
[24] Nishihara T. et al. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 46(4) (2000) 282-298.
[2] Asimakopolous A. G. et al. Recent trends in biomonitoring of bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol. Toxicology Letters 210 (2012) 141-154.
[3] Umar M. et al. Application of ozone for the removal of bisphenol A from water and wastewater A review. Chemosphere 90 (2013) 2197-2207.
[4] Greens T. et al. A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50 (2012) 3725-3740.
[5] Editorial. How safe is bisphenol A? Fundamentals of toxicity: metabolism, electron transfer and oxidative stress. Medical Hypotheses 75 (2010) 1-4.
[6] Teeguarden J. et al. Are typical human serum BPA concentration measurable and sufficient to be estrogenic in the general population? Food and Chemical Toxicity 62 (2013) 949-963.
[7] Mohapatra D.P. et al. Physico-chemical pre-treatment and biotransformation of wastewater and wastewater Sludge Fate of bisphenol A. Chemosphere 78 (2010) 923-941.
[8] Katsumata H. et al. Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Ag3PO4 under visible light. Catalysis Communication 30 (2013) 30-34.
[9] Kondrakov A. O. et al. Formation of genotoxic quinones during bisphenol degradation by TiO2 photocatalysis and UV photolysis: A comparative study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 160-161 (2014) 106-114.
[10] Zhang X. et al. Degradation of bisphenol A by hydrogen peroxide activated with CuFeO2 microparticles as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst: Efficiency, stability and mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal 236 (2014) 251-262.
[11] Lou L. et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of fluorinated anatase TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A. Applied Surface Science 353 (2015) 469-479.
[12] Karim Z. and Hussain Q. Guaiacol-mediated oxidative degradation and polymerization of bisphenol A catalyzed by bitter gourd (Monordica charantia) peroxidase. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 59 (2009) 185-189.
[13] Debore M. et al. Oxidation of bisphenol A by ozone in aqueous solution. Water Research 42 (2008) 4299-4308.
[14] Eio E. J. et al. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by bacterial consortia. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 96 (2014) 166-173.
[15] Kamaraj M. et al. Biodegradation of Bisphenol A by the tolerant bacterial species isolated from coastal regions of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradtion 93 (2014) 216-222.
[16] Omoike A. et al. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by Heliscus lugdunensis, a naturally occurring hyphomycete in freshwater environment. Chemosphere 91 (2013) 1643-1647.
[17] Saiyood S. et al. Bisphenol A removal by the Dracaena plant and the role of plant-associating bacteria. Journal of Hazardous Materials 178 (2010) 777-785.
[18] Zhang W. et al. Bacteria-mediated bisphenol A degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97 (2013) 5681-5689.
[19] McCormick J. M. et al. Microbially mediated O-methylation of bisphenol A results in metabolites with increased toxicity to the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011) 6567-6574
[20] Yoshihara S. et al. Potent estrogenic metabolites of bisphenol A and bisphenol B formed by rat liver S9 factions: their structures and estrogenic potency. Toxicol. Sci. 78(1) (2004) 50-59.
[21] Okuda K. et al. Novel pathway of metabolic activation of bisphanol A-related compounds for estrogenic activity. Drug Metab. Dispos. 39(9) (2011) 1696-1703.
[22] Suzuki T. et al. Environmental fate of bisphenol A and its biological metabolites in river water and their xeno-estrogenic activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(8) (2004) 2389-2396.
[23] Ogata Y. et al. Occurrence of 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP) biodegradation in an aquatic sample caused by the presence of Spriodella polyrrhiza and isolation of a 4-t-BP-utilizing bacterium. Biodegradation 24 (2013) 191-202.
[24] Nishihara T. et al. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 46(4) (2000) 282-298.