Biochar and Biofuel from Pyrolysis of Oily Rags
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the paper, we present for the first time an experimental study on the pyrolysis of oily rags collected from an automobile factory. The performance of pyrolysis to recycle fresh and used wipes to valuable liquid and solid products was compared. The presence of waste lubricant oil (WLO) on fabric drastically changed the outcome of the process. The specific surface area of pyrolytic char was initially reduced, but can expand to 1178 m2/g after activation. A very high fraction of oily rags (75.03 wt.%) was converted to high heating value pyrolytic oil (30.3 MJ/kg), resulting in 22.73 MJ recovered from one kilogram of raw material-higher than from most other waste reported. Gas emission from pyrolysis of WLO contaminated wipes was only 6.09 wt.% of raw materialnearly twentyfold less than incineration and ninefold less than pyrolysis of uncontaminated wipes. Overall, pyrolysis of oily rags produced a considerable amount of valuable material and fuel while releasing little greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, making it an eco-friendly and economically feasible solution for this kind of industrial waste.
Article Details
References
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Effects of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst treatment condition on
thermocatalytic conversion of spent disposable wipes,
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 40,
pp. 2472 –2479, May 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1461-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.111273
[2] F. M. T. Luna, J. B. Cavalcante, F. O. N. Silva,
C. L. Cavalcante, Studies on biodegradability of
bio-based lubricants, Tribology International, vol. 92,
pp. 301-306, Dec. 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.07.007
[3] U.S. Department of Energy, Used oil management and
beneficial reuse options to address section 1: Energy
Savings from Lubricating Oil Public Law, United States
Department of Energy, Washington, 2020.
[4] J. P. J. Labayen, Labayen IV, Q. Yuan, A review on
textile recycling practices and challenges, textiles,
vol. 2, iss. 1, pp. 174-188, Mar. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010010
[5] A. Tripathi, V. Kumar Tyagi, V. Vivekanand, P. Bose,
S. Suthar, Challenges, opportunities and progress in solid
waste management during COVID-19 pandemic, Case
Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
vol. 2, Sep. 2020, Art. no. 100060.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100060
[6] M. Zhong, S. Chen, T. Wang, J. Liu, M. Mei, J. Li,
Co-pyrolysis of polyester and cotton via
thermogravimetric analysis and adsorption mechanism
of Cr(VI) removal by carbon in aqueous solution,
Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 354, May 2022,
Art. no. 118902.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118902
[7] P. Athanasopoulos, A. Zabaniotou, Post-consumer
textile thermochemical recycling to fuels and biocarbon:
a critical review, Science of the Total Environment,
vol. 834, Aug. 2022, Art. no. 155387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155387
[8] M. Xie, M. Cheng, Y. Yang, Z. Huang, T. Zhou,
Y. Zhao, P. Xiao, Q. Cen, Z. Liu, B. Li, A review on
catalytic pyrolysis of textile waste to high-value
products: Catalytic mechanisms, products application
and perspectives, Chemical Engineering Journal,
vol. 498, Oct. 2024, Art. no. 155120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155120
[9] J. M. Illingworth, B. Rand, P. T. Williams, Non-woven
fabric activated carbon produced from fibrous waste
biomass for sulphur dioxide control, Process Safety and
Environmental Protection, vol. 122, pp. 209-219,
Feb. 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.12.010
[10] R. Brindha, G. Thilagavathi, S. Viju, Development
of nettle-polypropylene-blended needle punched
nonwoven fabrics for oil spill cleanup applications,
Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 17, iss. 10,
pp. 1439-1453, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1578717
[11] M. A. Nahil, P. T. Williams, Activated carbons from
acrylic textile waste, Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis, vol. 89, iss. 1, pp. 51-59, Sep. 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.05.005
[12] G. F. M. Cupertino, A. M. da Silva, A. K. S. Pereira,
F. M. Delatorre, J. G. M. Ucella-Filho, E. C. de Souza,
D. Profeti, L. P. R. Profeti, M. P. Oliveira, D. Saloni,
R. Luque, A. F. D. Júnior, Co-pyrolysis of biomass and
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as an alternative for
energy production from waste valorization, Fuel,
vol. 362, Apr. 2024, Art. no. 130716.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130761
[13] H. R. Zolfagharpour, A. Sharafati, M. Hosseinzadeh,
Catalytic pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using V2O5
nanoparticles in an auger reactor, Journal of Analytical
and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 177, Jan. 2024,
Art. no. 106357.
[14] R. Miranda, C. Sosa-Blanco, D. Bustos-Martínez,
C. Vasile, Pyrolysis of textile wastes: I. Kinetics and
yields, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol.
80, iss. 2, pp. 489-495, Oct. 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.03.008
[15] H. S. Lee, S. Jung, K. Y. A. Lin, E. E. Kwon, Upcycling
textile waste using pyrolysis process, Science of the
Total Environment, vol. 859, Feb. 2023, Art. no. 160393.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160393
[16] M. A. Nahil, P. T. Williams, Surface chemistry and
porosity of nitrogen-containing activated carbons
produced from acrylic textile waste, Chemical
Engineering Journal, vol. 184, pp. 228-237, Mar. 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.047
[17] A. R. Reed, P. T. Williams, Thermal processing of
biomass natural fibre wastes by pyrolysis, International
Journal of Energy Research, vol. 28, iss. 2, pp. 131-145,
Dec. 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1002/er.956
[18] R. K. Mishra, B. Gariya, P. Savvasere, D. Dhir,
P. Kumar, and K. Mohanty, Thermocatalytic pyrolysis of
waste areca nut into renewable fuel and value-added
chemicals, ACS Omega, vol. 9, pp. 25779-25792,
Jun. 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c10184
[19] Y. Wu, Y. Yuan, C. Xia, T. A. Alahmadi, S. A. Alharbi,
M. Sekar, A. Pugazhendhi, Production of waste tyre
pyrolysis oil as the replacement for fossil fuel for diesel
engines with constant hydrogen injection via air intake
manifold, Fuel, vol. 355, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 129458.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129458
[20] R. Chowdhury, A. Sarkar, Reaction kinetics and product
distribution of slow pyrolysis of Indian textile wastes,
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering,
vol. 10, Aug. 2012, Art. no. A67.
https://doi.org/10.1515/1542-6580.2662
[21] D. S. Barışçı and M. S. Öncel, The disposal of combed
cotton wastes by pyrolysis, International Journal of
Green Energy, vol. 11, iss. 3, pp. 255-266, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.772516
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106357
[22] A. M. Hussein, Y. Kar, O. E. Kok, Co-pyrolysis of
walnut shell and waste tire with a focus on bio-oil yield
quantity and quality, Journal of the Energy Institute,
vol. 112, Feb. 2024, Art. no. 101494.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2023.101494
[23] T. A. Vo, J. Kim, H. T. Hwang, S. S. Kim, Fast pyrolysis
of cashew nut shells in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor
for producing high heating value bio-oil using dolomite
as a catalyst and carbon capture sorbent, Fuel, vol. 364,
May 2024, Art. no. 131024.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131024
[24] N. Ali, M. Ashraf, K. Shahzad, M. Saleem, and
A. Chughtai, Fluidized bed fast pyrolysis of corn stover:
Effects of fluidizing gas flow rate and composition,
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and
Environmental Effects, vol. 46, iss. 1, pp. 4244–4256,
Nov. 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1694105
[25] H. S. Lee, S. Jung, S. W. Lee, Y. T Kim, and J. Lee,
Effects of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst treatment condition on
thermocatalytic conversion of spent disposable wipes,
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 40,
pp. 2472 –2479, May 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1461-8