Isolation and Characterization of CMCase Producing Bacteria for the Purpose of Converting Spent Mushroom Edible Canna Substrate into Organic Fertilizer
Main Article Content
Abstract
Converting spent mushroom substrates into organic fertilizer helps to tackle the problem of pollution in Edible canna starch processing villages and adds new value to the production chain of Edible canna. To successfully turn the spent substrates into compost, there is certainly an indispensable role for cellulolytic microorganisms, in which Bacillus strains are always important. Several bacterial strains have been isolated from spent Edible canna substrate after cultivation of monkey head mushroom in this study. Among isolated strains, the strain NDK5 has been selected exhibiting the highest cellulolytic activities with solubilization indexes of 6.14 and 18.3 mm for the ratio between the halo zone diameters and the colony diameters in the point cultivation method (SIratio) and the offset between the halo zone diameters and the agar hole diameters (SIoffset), respectively. The highest cellulase activity was 4.29 ± 0.071 U/ml. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequence analyses (100% homology with B. amyloliquefaciens sp. plantarum FZB42) were further carried out for the selected strain, leading to the identification of the strain as B. amyloliquefaciens sp. plantarum NDK5 strain. In addition, NDK5 was proved to have a capacity for synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid, a plant growth hormone, on an L-tryptophan-containing medium. Trial incubation of spent mushroom Edible canna-waste with the strain NDK5 showed increases in several quality criteria of the waste after 20 days of incubation, that meet the standard criteria for bio-organic fertilizer according to TCVN 7185:2002.
Keywords
spent mushroom substrate, Edible canna, cellulase, compost, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Article Details
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Research on using arrowroot waste to grow white
oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus florida). Vietnam
Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 16, no. 5,
2017, pp. 54-58, (original text in Vietnamese).
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pollution status and the waste reusing ability in trade
village Duong Lieu, Hoai Duc, Hanoi, J. Viet. Env.
vol. 3, no. 2, 2012, pp. 87-91.
https://doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol3.no2.pp87-91.
[4] T. H. Tran, Study on the treatment of arrowroot waste
as bio-organic fertilizer in Da Bac district – Hoa Binh
province, Thesis, National Academy of Agrriculture,
Hanoi, Vietnam, 2011, (original text in Vietnamese).
[5] L. Vu, Research on using waste residues from the
production of tapioca starch and arrowroot to make
activated carbon for application in environmental
treatment, Thesis, University of Natural Science,
Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012, (original text in Vietnamese).
[6] M. V. Capiña, and V. L. L. Capiña, Edible canna
(Maranta Arundinacea): Starch extraction, processing,
and by-products utilization, in the 4th International Conference on Civil, Environment and Waste
Management (CEWM-17), Manila, Phillipine, 2017,
pp. 240-244.
[7] M. N. Owaid, I. A. Abed, and S. S. S. Al-Saeedi,
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mushroom substrate in organic systems as a byproduct
from the cultivation of Pleurotus spp., Inf. Process.
Agric., vol. 4, 2017, pp. 78-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2017.01.001.
[8] G. E. Barrett, P. D. Alexander, J. S. Robinson, and N.
C. Bragg. Achieving environmentally sustainable
growing media for soilless plant cultivation systems –
A review., Sci. Hortic., vol. 212, 2016, pp. 220-234.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.030.
[9] N. T. Phan, Research on the solution for spent
mushroom substrate in the area of Da Nang city.
Thesis, Da Nang University, Da Nang, Vietnam, 2016,
(original text in Vietnamese).
[10] T. L. Nguyen, Research on the treatment of spent
mushroom abalone waste as a growing medium for
vegetables. Thu Dau Mot University Journal of
Science, vol. 1, no. 32, 2017, pp. 174-180, (original
text in Vietnamese).
[11] J. M. Marín-Benito, M. J. Sánchez-Martín, and M. S.
Rodríguez-Cruz, Impact of spent mushroom substrates
on the fate of pesticides in soil, and their use for
preventing and/or controlling soil and water
Contamination: A Review, Toxics, vol. 4, 2016, Art.
no. 17.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4030017.
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vegetable waste composting process with significant
thermophilic phase. Procedia Environemental
Sciences, vol. 35, 2016, pp. 435-440.
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vermicompost bacterial that exhibit useful agricultural
traits and waste management potential, SphingerPlus,
vol 1, 2012, art. no. 26.
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of cellulose-degrading bacteria, Can Tho University
Journal of Science, vol. 18, 2011, pp. 177-184,
(original text in Vietnamese).
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Bacteriology, 9th ed., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore,
USA, 1994.
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a new generation of protein database search programs.
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Giangrande, and V. Faraco, Industrial waste based
compost as a source of novel cellulolytic strains and
enzymes, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., vol. 339, 2013, pp.
93-101.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12057.
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Huang, and Q. Shen, Plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN6-enriched bio-oganic fertilizer suppressed Fusarium
wilt and promoted the growth of banana plants, J.
Agric. Food Chem., vol. 61, no. 16, 2013, pp. 3774-
3780.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400038z.
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Li, Y. Ruan, and Q. Shen, Manipulating the banana
rhizosphere microbiome for biological control of
Panama disease, Sci Rep, vol. 5, 2015, Art. no. 11124.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11124.
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H. Son, G. J. Choi, H. W. Park, C. W. Lee, T. Lee, YW. Lee, and J-C. Kim, Chemosensitization of
Fusarium graminearum to chemical fungicides using
cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens strain JCK-12, Front. Plant Sci.,
vol. 8, 2017, Art. no. 2010.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02010.
[22] K. Sotoyama, K. Akutsu, and M. Nakajima,
Suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato by soil
amendment with mushroom compost containing
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUMC7, J Gen Plant
Pathol, vol. 83, 2017, pp. 51-55.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-016-0690-7.
[23] Q. Jamal, J. -Y. Cho, J. -H. Moon, S. Munir, M. Anees,
and K. Y. Kim, Identification for the first time of
Cyclo(d-Pro-l-Leu) produced by Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens Y1 as a nematocide for control
of Meloidogyne incognita, Molecules, vol. 22, 2017,
Art. no. 1839.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111839.
[24] Y. Liu, L. Chen, N. Zhang, Z. Li, G. Zhang, Y. Xu, Q.
Shen, and R. Zhang, Plant-microbe communication
enhances auxin biosynthesis by a root-associated
bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9, Mol.
Plant-Microbe Interact., vol. 29, no. 4, 2016, pp. 324-
330.
https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-15-0239-R.
[25] A. Niazi, S. Manzoor, A. Asari, S. Bejai, J. Meijer, and
E. Bongcam-Rudloff, Genome analysis of Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5113: A
rhizobacterium that improves plant growth and stress
management, PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 8, 2014, Art. no.
e104651.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104651.
[26] N. D. Diallo, M. MBengue, M. NGuer, M. Kâ, E. Tine,
and C. T. Mbaye, Composting of sugar cane bagasse
by Bacillus strains, Afr. J. Biotechnol., vol. 16, no. 3,
2017, pp. 113-123.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2015.14998.