A Study on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Direct Injection Naturtal Gas Engine
Main Article Content
Abstract
Natural gas is well known as a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engine. In this study, a numerical model was built based on the experimental CNG converted engine. Direct injection and port fuel injection method was operated in the model on the same condition such as design parameter, engine speed, compression ratio. The effect of injection method on engine performance and emission characteristics were compared. The mixing and burning properties were also investigated to have further insight about the fuel injection effects. The results have illustrated that the injection strategy had clearly effects on the mixing and combustion process. Due to the better mixture, the direct injection engine has showed the obviously improvement on the emission as well as engine performance. All these results have provided the data and theory to improve the engine performance for the development of the direct injection system for the engine using CNG.
Keywords
Compressed natural gas, CH4 converted engine, direct injection, port injection
Article Details
References
[1] V. Smil, Natural Gas: Fuel for the 21st Century, John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
[2] L. Wei, P. Geng, A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance, Fuel Processing Technology, 142 (2016) 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.09.018
[3] C. Park, C. Kim, Y. Choi, Power output characteristics of hydrogen-natural gas blend fuel engine at different compression ratios, International Journal of Hydrogen energy, 37(10) (2012) 8681-8687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.052
[4] S. O. Akansu, Z. Dulger, N. Kahraman, T. N. Veziroǧlu, Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas-hydrogen mixtures, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(14) (2004) 1527-1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.01.018
[5] M. I. Khan, T. Yasmin, A. Shakoor, Technical overview of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51 (2015) 785-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.053
[6] J. Speirs, P. Balcombe, P. Blomerus, M. Stettler, P. Achurra-Gonzalez, M. Woo, D. Ainalis, J. Cooper, A. Sharafian, W. Merida, Natural gas fuel and greenhouse gas emissions in trucks and ships, Progress in Energy, 2(1) (2020) 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/ab56af
[7] S. Lee, C. Kim, S. Lee, J. Lee, J. Kim, Experimental investigation on combustion and particulate emissions of the high compressed natural gas reactivity controlled compression ignition over wide ranges of intake conditions in a multi-cylinder engine using a two-stage intake boost system, Fuel Processing Technology, 228 (2022) 107161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107161
[8] H. M. Cho, B.-Q. He, Spark ignition natural gas engines - A review, Energy conversion and management, 48(2) (2007) 608-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2006.05.023
[9] Z. Barbouchi, J. Bessrour, Turbulence study in the internal combustion engine, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 1(9) (2009) 194-202.
[10] R. A. B. Semin, A technical review of compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci, 1(4) (2008) 302-311. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2008.302.311
[11] D. K. Srivastava, A. K. Agarwal, Combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio laser-plasma ignited compressed natural gas engine, Fuel, 214 (2018) 322-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.012
[12] M. Kalam, H. Masjuki, An experimental investigation of high performance natural gas engine with direct injection, Energy, 36(5) (2011) 3563-3571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.03.066
[13] K. Zeng, Z. Huang, B. Liu, L. Liu, D. Jiang, Y. Ren, J. Wang, Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection natural gas engine under various fuel injection timings, Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(8-9), 2006, 806-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.011
[14] Z.-H. Huang, S. Shiga, T. Ueda, H. Nakamura, T. Ishima, T. Obokata, M. Tsue, M. Kono, Effect of fuel injection timing relative to ignition timing on the natural-gas direct-injection combustion, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 125(3) (2003) 783-790. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1563243
[15] T. Quoc, T. Tam, T. Le Anh, Experimental investigation into the influence of compression ratio on operating characteristics of single cylinder CNG Engine with port injection, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 889 (2019) 396-402. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.889.396
[16] Y.-W. Chin, R. D. Matthews, S. P. Nichols, T. M. Kiehne, Use of fractal geometry to model turbulent combustion in SI engines, Combustion Science and Technology, 86(1-6) (1992) 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209208947185
[2] L. Wei, P. Geng, A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance, Fuel Processing Technology, 142 (2016) 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.09.018
[3] C. Park, C. Kim, Y. Choi, Power output characteristics of hydrogen-natural gas blend fuel engine at different compression ratios, International Journal of Hydrogen energy, 37(10) (2012) 8681-8687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.052
[4] S. O. Akansu, Z. Dulger, N. Kahraman, T. N. Veziroǧlu, Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas-hydrogen mixtures, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(14) (2004) 1527-1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.01.018
[5] M. I. Khan, T. Yasmin, A. Shakoor, Technical overview of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51 (2015) 785-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.053
[6] J. Speirs, P. Balcombe, P. Blomerus, M. Stettler, P. Achurra-Gonzalez, M. Woo, D. Ainalis, J. Cooper, A. Sharafian, W. Merida, Natural gas fuel and greenhouse gas emissions in trucks and ships, Progress in Energy, 2(1) (2020) 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/ab56af
[7] S. Lee, C. Kim, S. Lee, J. Lee, J. Kim, Experimental investigation on combustion and particulate emissions of the high compressed natural gas reactivity controlled compression ignition over wide ranges of intake conditions in a multi-cylinder engine using a two-stage intake boost system, Fuel Processing Technology, 228 (2022) 107161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107161
[8] H. M. Cho, B.-Q. He, Spark ignition natural gas engines - A review, Energy conversion and management, 48(2) (2007) 608-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2006.05.023
[9] Z. Barbouchi, J. Bessrour, Turbulence study in the internal combustion engine, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 1(9) (2009) 194-202.
[10] R. A. B. Semin, A technical review of compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci, 1(4) (2008) 302-311. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2008.302.311
[11] D. K. Srivastava, A. K. Agarwal, Combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio laser-plasma ignited compressed natural gas engine, Fuel, 214 (2018) 322-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.012
[12] M. Kalam, H. Masjuki, An experimental investigation of high performance natural gas engine with direct injection, Energy, 36(5) (2011) 3563-3571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.03.066
[13] K. Zeng, Z. Huang, B. Liu, L. Liu, D. Jiang, Y. Ren, J. Wang, Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection natural gas engine under various fuel injection timings, Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(8-9), 2006, 806-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.011
[14] Z.-H. Huang, S. Shiga, T. Ueda, H. Nakamura, T. Ishima, T. Obokata, M. Tsue, M. Kono, Effect of fuel injection timing relative to ignition timing on the natural-gas direct-injection combustion, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 125(3) (2003) 783-790. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1563243
[15] T. Quoc, T. Tam, T. Le Anh, Experimental investigation into the influence of compression ratio on operating characteristics of single cylinder CNG Engine with port injection, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 889 (2019) 396-402. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.889.396
[16] Y.-W. Chin, R. D. Matthews, S. P. Nichols, T. M. Kiehne, Use of fractal geometry to model turbulent combustion in SI engines, Combustion Science and Technology, 86(1-6) (1992) 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209208947185