Study of the Matrix Shrinkage on a Polymer Matrix Composite under a Drop of Temperature
Main Article Content
Abstract
A polymer composite material consists of two different phases with very different mechanical properties. Thus, there is a shrinkage when a decrease in temperature appears. This present paper focuses on the matrix shrinkage of a unidirectional polymer matrix composite under a temperature drop. A Rayleigh–Ritz method is used to rapidly determine the matrix displacement (matrix shrinkage) field of virgin samples (initial state, without thermo oxidation). Additionally, numerical simulations are also carried out. A comparison of maximum matrix shrinkages is carried out among the experiment measurement, the Rayleigh–Ritz method, and the numerical simulation method. The numerical results of the matrix displacement are compared to the experiment and the Rayleigh–Ritz method. There is a good correlation between the results obtained by the two methods. Then, an assessment of the reliability of numerical simulations is given. The numerical simulations are then used to analyze the evolution of stress along the different paths on the sample to predict the damage behavior.
Keywords
Rayleigh-Riz method, matrix shrinkage, composites, drop of temperature
Article Details
References
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[3] M. C. Lafarie-Frenot, Damage mechanisms induced by cyclic ply-stresses in carbon–epoxy laminates: environmental effects, Int Journal of Fatigue, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1202-1218, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.014
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[5] L. Olivier, N. Q. Ho, J. C. Grandidier, M. C. Lafarie-Frenot, Characterization by ultra-micro indentation of an oxidized epoxy polymer: correlation with the predictions of a kinetic model of oxidation, Polym Degrad Stab, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 489-497, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.11.01
[6] S. Putthanarat, G. Tandon, G. A. Schoeppner, Influence of aging temperature, time, and environment on thermo-oxidative behavior of PMR-15: nanomechanical characterization., J Mater Sci, vol. 43, no. 20, pp. 714-723, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2800-1
[7] G. A. Schoeppnera, G. P. Tandon, E. R. Ripberger, Anisotropic oxidation and weight loss in PMR-15 composites, Composites Part A, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 890-904, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.07.006
[8] S. Ciutacu, P. Budrugeac, I. Niculae, Accelerated thermal aging of glass-reinforced epoxy resin under oxygen pressure., Polym Degrad Stab, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 365-372, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(91)90044-R
[9] Tom Tsotsis, Scott Macklin Keller, K. Lee, Aging of polymeric composite specimens for 5000 hours at elevated pressure and temperature, Compos Sci Technol, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 75-86, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00196-2
[10] Gigliotti M, Lafarie-Frenot M. C, Vu Dinh Quy, Experimental characterization of thermo-oxidation-induced shrinkage and damage in polymer-matrix composites, Compos A Appl Sci Manuf, vol. 43, pp. 577-586, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.12.018
[11] Lafarie-Frenot M. C., Gigliotti M., Thermo-oxidation induced shrinkage in Organic Matrix Composites for High Temperature Applications: Effect of fiber arrangement and oxygen pressure, Composite Structures, vol. 146, pp. 176-86, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.03.007
[12] Gigliotti M., Minervino M., Lafarie-Frenot M. C., Assessment of thermo-oxidative induced chemical strain by inverse analysis of shrinkage profiles in unidirectional composites, Composite Structures, vol. 157, pp. 320-36, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.07.037