Preliminary Study on Preparation of Deproteinized Natural Rubber/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Main Article Content
Abstract
Deproteinized natural rubber/graphene oxide (DPNR/GO) nanocomposite was prepared and characterized in the present work. GO was synthesized by oxidation process via Hummer modified method, and it was characterized with XRD, FTIR, NMR, and water contact angle. The presence of hydrophilic functional groups in GO sheet was confirmed by FTIR, NMR and water contact angle. The characteristic XRD scattering pattern of GO was observed at about 2θ= 9.5° and it confirmed the successful synthesis of GO. The GO was incorporated into DPNR via graft copolymerization using TEPA/TBHPO as redox initiators. The DPNR/GO nanocomposites with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 phr of GO were fabricated and characterized through FTIR, tensile strength, and SEM. The stress at break of DPNR/GO nanocomposite increased when the GO suspension was homogenized before the graft copolymerization. The GO content is found to increase the stress at break for the nanocomposite; however, the hardness of the nanocomposite did not change at high GO loading. The result indicated that the formation of nanocomposite materials between natural rubber and GO was affected by the sheet morphology and hydrophilicity of GO.
Keywords
graphene oxide, natural rubber, tensile strength, nanocomposite, graft copolymerization
Article Details
References
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properties of natural rubber, Polymers for Advanced
Technologies, 2017, 28, pp. 159-165.
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S. Kawahara, Effect of naturally occurring
crosslinking junctions on green strength of natural
rubber, Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2017,
28, pp. 303-311.
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natural rubber composites: physical chemistry and
reinforcing mechanism, in Polymer Composites
volume 1: Macro-and Microcomposites, Chapter 17,
ed. by S. Thomas, J. Kuruvilla, S.K. Malhotra, K. Goda
and M.S. Sreekala (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim), 2012
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nanoparticles reinforced natural rubber latex
composites: The effects of silica dimension and
polydispersity on performance. Journal of Applied
Polymer Science, 2019, 136, pp. 47449.
[6] K. S. Jayaraj, S. Walpalage, S. M. Egodage, Review
on development of natural rubber/nanoclay
nanocomposites, Moratuwa Engineering Research
Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, 2015, pp. 18-23,
doi: 10.1109/MERCon.2015.7112313
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Using a green method to develop graphene
oxide/elastomers nanocomposites with combination of
high barrier and mechanical performance, Composites
Science and Technology, 2014, 92, pp. 1-8.
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rGO in polymeric matrices by thermodynamically
favorable self-assembly of GO at oil-water interfaces,
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Graphene/polymer nanocomposites, Macromolecules,
2010, 43, pp. 6515-6530.
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S. Tin, Y. Chen, J. Wei, Polymer photovoltaic cells
based on solution-processable graphene and P3HT,
Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19, pp. 894-
904.
[11] D. Vuluga, J-M. Thomassin, I. Molenberge, I. Huynen,
B. Gilbert, C. Jerome, M. Alexandre, C. Detrembleur,
Straightforward synthesis of conductive
graphene/polymer nanocomposites from graphite
oxide, Chemical Communication, 2011, 47, pp. 2544-
2546.
[12] X. Wu, T. F. Lin, Z. H. Tang, B. C. Guo, G. S. Huang,
Natural rubber/graphene oxide composites: Effect of
sheet size on mechanical properties and strain-induced
crystallization behavior, eXPRESS Polymer Letter,
2015, 9, pp. 672-685.
[13] C. Yin, Q. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Gao, Y. Sun, Q. Zhang
Preparation and characterization of grafted natural
rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites, Journal of
Macromolecular Science, part B, 2019, 58, pp. 645-
658.
[14] A.Gannoruwa, M. Sumita, S. Kawahara, Highly
enhanced mechanical properites in natural rubber
prepared with a nanodiamond nanomatrix structure,
Polymer, 2017, 126, pp 40-47.
[15] A. Gannoruwa, S. Kawahara, Distribution of
nanodiamond inside the nanomatrix in natural rubber,
Langmuir, 2018, 34, pp. 6861-6868.
[16] W. Klinklai, T. Saito, S. Kawahara,
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Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004, 93, pp.
555-559.
[17] W. S. Hummers, R. E. Offeman, Preparation of
graphitic oxide, Journal of the American Chemical
Society, 1958, 80, pp. 2929-2937.
[18] N. T. Thuong, T. A. Dung, N. H. Yusof, S. Kawahara,
Controlling the size of silica nanopartcles in filler
nanomatrix structure of natural rubber, Polymer, 2020,
195, pp. 122444.