Influence of Flame Retardants on Flammability of Cellulose-Based Material
Main Article Content
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the application of fire retardant agents in production of fire-proof cellulose-based material. Several agents are used including boron compounds, and ammonium polyphosphate/ diatomite composite filler. The results show that when using a mixture of boric acid and sodium borax at the ratio of 1:1 for impregnation of paper, the combustion speed of paper is reduced significantly. On the other hand, synthesized ammonium polyphosphate/ diatomite filler also provides good flame resistance to the paper when it is used as a filler. The use of composite filler supported by a retention aid like cationic starch seems to be less effective than the impregnation method.
Keywords
Ammonium polyphosphate, Cationic starch, Cellulose, Composite filler, Fire-retardant, Impregnation
Article Details
References
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[2] Sekiguchi, Y., and Shafizadeh, F.; The effect of inorganic additives on the formation, composition, and combustion of cellulosic char; J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 29, 4 (1984) 1267–1286.
[3] Tang, W. K., and Neill, W. K.; Effect of flame retardants on pyrolysis and combustion of α-cellulose; J. Polym. Sci. Part C Polym. Symp. 6, 1 (2007) 65–81.
[4] Shi, Y., Belosinschi, D., Brouillette, F., Belfkira, A., and Chabot, B.; Phosphorylation of Kraft fibers with phosphate esters; Carbohydr. Polym. 106, 1 (2014) 121–127.
[5] Satonaka, S., and Endoh, T.; Boron compounds as the fire retardants for cellulose; Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. For. Hokkaido University 40, 3 (1983) 529–538.
[6] Jain, R. K., Lal, K., and Bhatnagar, H. L.; Thermal studies on C-6 substituted cellulose and its subsequent phosphorylated products in air; Thermochim. Acta 22, 12 (1986) 993–1000.
[7] Makoto Watanabe, Makoto Sakurai, M. M.; Preparation of ammonium polyphosphate and its application to flame retardant; Phosphorus Res. Bull. 23 (2009) 35–44.
[8] Sha, L., and Chen, K.; Preparation and Characterization of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Diatomite Composite Fillers and Assessment of their Flame-retardant Effects on Paper; Bioresources 9, 2 (2014) 3104–3116.
[9] LeVan, S.; Chemistry of fire retardancy; Chem. SOLID WOOD, Adv. Chem. Ser. 1935, (1984) 532–574.