Assessing Media Multitasking Behavior in Academic Activities of Students at Hanoi University of Science and Technology: A Study Using the Media Multitasking-Revised (MMT-R) Scale

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology in modern life has led to the widespread emergence of media multitasking behaviour among university students, especially in high-tech learning environments such as Hanoi University of Science and Technology. This study uses the Media Multitasking-Revised (MMT-R) scale to assess the level of multitasking behaviour in the classroom among 257 students from various academic disciplines. The data were analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The theoretical model identifies two core behavioural constructs: Compulsive Phone Checking (CPC) and Media Distraction (MD). The results indicate that students tend to engage in multitasking at a moderate level, with no significant gender differences, suggesting that this behaviour is generational rather than gender specific. Furthermore, the intention to engage in multitasking is strongly associated with CPC - controlled device usage - while MD, which reflects passive and uncontrolled distraction, is no longer a significant predictor and may indicate signs of digital addiction. The findings suggest that the MMT-R scale can be used not only as a behavioural measurement tool but also as a screening and early diagnostic instrument to identify high-risk student groups. Based on this classification, students can be grouped to design appropriate interventions aimed at promoting more mindful use of digital devices in learning environments.