Effects of Environmental Protection Expenditures on Provincial Environmental Protection Performance
Main Article Content
Abstract
Amid rising environmental pressures in emerging economies, the effectiveness of public environmental spending remains an open question. Vietnam, undergoing rapid industrialization and urban expansion, offers a unique setting to assess whether fiscal efforts translate into tangible environmental improvements. This study investigates the impact of provincial environmental protection expenditures (EPE) on air, water, and land quality across 63 provinces from 2019 to 2023. Building upon the DPSIR (Driving- Forces–Pressures–State–Impacts–Responses) framework, panel models and a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) system are employed to capture interlinked environmental outcomes. The findings reveal domain-specific effects: EPE significantly enhances wastewater treatment coverage, yet exhibits limited short-term influence on air pollution or land-use transitions. Socio-economic factors such as Human Development Index (HDI) and population density also shape environmental performance, improving emission efficiency and clean water access. These results underscore that fiscal environmental investments in Vietnam yield selective rather than universal benefits, emphasizing the importance of integrated, spatially targeted, and long-term fiscal strategies for sustainable environmental governance
Keywords
Environmental Protection Expenditures, Environmental Protection Performance, Air Quality, Land Usage, Water Quality
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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[16] Y. Tang, S. Yue, W. Ma, et al., How do environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation affect synergistically the financial performance of heavy polluting enterprises? Evidence from China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29,
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[19] C. Feng, F. Wu, L. Zhang, X. Yang, and Y. Zhuang, Assessing provincial integrated wastewater treatment efficiency and influencing factors considering triple bottom line, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 491, pp. 144724, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144724
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2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.08.017
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[22] D. A. Senna, V. R. Moreira, M. C. S. Amaral, E. C. de Paula, L. P. P. Pereira, R. M. G. Batista, L. A. F. F. Ferreira, and S. Rezende, Industry 4.0 as a strategy to contribute to the water supply universalization in developing countries, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 111198, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.111198
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[24] P. T. Trong, V. T. Duc, S. C. Truong, T. D. Thanh, D. N. Huu, andW. Scholz, Analysing Factors Influencing Land Use Planning for Sustainable Land Resource Management in Vietnam: A Case Study of Dan Phuong District in Hanoi City, Sustainability, vol. 15, pp. 1–13, 2023. https : / / ideas . repec . org / a / gam / jsusta /v15y2023i24p16557- d1294386.html%20https://ideas.repec.org//a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i24p16557-d1294386.
html
[25] V. N. Do, The role of land-use planning on socioeconomic development in Mai Chau District, Vietnam, Redefining Diversity and Dynamics of Natural Resources Management in Asia, pp. 87–111, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805453-6.00006-1
[26] S. Kalogiannidis, D. Kalfas, G. Giannarakis, and M. Paschalidou, Integration of water resources management strategies in land use planning towards environmental conservation, Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 15242, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115242
[27] T. T. G. Ngo, Provincial Green Index with sustainable development in Mekong Delta provinces in Vietnam, International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 808–812, 2024. https://www.multiresearchjournal.com/admin/uploads/archives/archive-1711702113.pdf
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