New Generations of Pesticide Formulations for Organic Agriculture
Main Article Content
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability involves activities that has to fulfil environmental and public health requirements. Among the criteria for sustainable development, organic agriculture is a primary key to satisfy the above goals because it is different from conventional agriculture that avoid or reduce synthetic agrochemicals use, replacing them with natural based, less toxic and environmentally friendly products. In the pesticide formulations, traditional types such as dust (D), wettable powder (WP), emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or solvent-based solutions (SL) are no more recommended for sustainable agriculture development due to negative effects on humans and the environment. The current development trends in pesticide formulations for such perspective view are applications of new generation types, with high biological activity and safer, low toxicity to mammals and other beneficial organisms. In these formulations, the toxic, non-biodegradable additives/adjuvants ingredients are replaced by natural-derived environmental-friendly ones. In addition, the new technologies are also applied to increase biological efficiency, reduce environmental pollution such as reducing the size of particles (WP to Suspension concentrate); replacing toxic organic solvents with water or water-based formulations and increasing the coverage of applied surface area (EC/SL to Microemulsion/Nano-formulations); reducing wastage and dose rate (D/WP to Controlled-release formulations); and applying combination/mixed formulations such as ZC, ZE and ZW to expand the spectrum of action and reduce spraying. Some new generation of pesticide formulations include Suspension concentrates (SC), Water dispersible granules (WG), Emulsion in water (EW), Micro-emulsion, Combination/mixed formulations, Nano-formulations, Seed treatment formulations etc.
Keywords
Pesticide formulation, sustainable development, organic agriculture, new generation
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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