Assessing the Energy Demand of an Electric Two-Wheeler under Different Standard Driving Cycles on a Motorcycle Chassis Dynamometer

Abstract

This study presents an experimental results for evaluating the power demand and energy consumption of an L3e
category electric motorcycle in accordance with United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) 
standards, using a motorcycle chassis dynamometer. The test was conducted under two driving cycles, including 
the ECE R40 driving cycle, and the Worldwide Harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC). Energy metrics 
including traction energy consumption, regenerative braking recovery, net energy consumption, and specific 
energy consumption per distance traveled were calculated from measured voltage, current, and vehicle speed data. 
Results indicate that the WMTC cycle exhibited the higher total energy consumption of 35.9 Wh/km compared to 
31.8 Wh/km for the ECE R40 cycle. Moreover, the WMTC cycle showed the higher average specific energy 
consumption owing to higher demanding of energy in transient conditions. Regenerative events occur more 
frequently on WMTC because the cycle features sharper decelerations and stronger transients (more frequent and 
larger-magnitude negative acceleration) than ECE R40. In the signals, WMTC shows numerous short negative 
current bursts immediately after throttle lift/brake application, whereas R40 mostly exhibits smoother decels with 
shorter, lower amplitude regen. Although the total recovered energy remains small, the higher event density on 
WMTC is consistent with its more transient kinematic profile.