Research on Influence of Formulation Type on Stability and Acute Toxicity of Fluazinam Formulations
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fluazinam is a contact fungicide widely used for the control of various plant diseases due to its broad spectrum of activity and multi-site mode of action. However, its extremely low water solubility and potential environmental toxicity require careful formulation design to ensure effective performance and safety during practical application. In this study, fluazinam was formulated into three different formulation types, including suspension concentrate (SC), wettable powder (WP), and water-dispersible granule (WDG), at laboratory scale. Selected co-formulants were applied to improve formulation performance and stability. The prepared formulations were evaluated for physicochemical stability, including active ingredient content and suspensibility, under room temperature and accelerated storage conditions. Acute toxicity was assessed according to OECD guidelines and classified based on GHS 2019 criteria. Although all formulations exhibited low acute toxicity, formulation-dependent differences in toxicological responses were observed. In particular, the SC formulation showed milder and more rapidly reversible effects in inhalation and irritation studies. These results demonstrate that formulation design influences practical exposure characteristics and toxicological behavior beyond the intrinsic properties of the active ingredient.
Keywords
Fluazinam, formulation type, suspension concentrate, wettable powder, water-dispersible granule, stability, toxicity.
Article Details
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