Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amide from Waste Cooking Oil as an Additive for Asphalt Binder
Main Article Content
Abstract
Organic additives, i.e., fatty acid amide compounds, are typically used to reduce the viscosity of asphalt mixture at high-temperatures working operation. Present work focuses on preparing fatty acid amide from waste cooking oil and its characterization as an additive for bitumen. The role of synthesized fatty acid amide as an additive for bitumen was tested on the bitumen 60/70 penetration grade sample. The fatty acid amide was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. It showed that the fatty acid amide was sucessful prepared from the waste cooking oil due to the presence of the characteristic functional groups. The binders made from fatty acid amide and bitumen with different content of fatty acid amide were prepared and tested. It demonstrated that the kinetic viscosity of the binder reduced by 23% at 0.7 wt.% additive concentration at 140oC. Moreover, the penetration and softening point of the binder was also improved, which enhance the binder's physical properties when used at target temperatures.
Keywords
viscosity, binder, organic additive, bitumen
Article Details
References
[1] EAPA. The Use of Warm Mix Asphalt-EAPA Position Paper. European Asphalt Pavement Association, 2010. https://eapa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/EAPApaper-Warm-Mix-Asphalt-version-2014-1.pdf
[2] J. D'Angelo, E. Harm, J. Bartoszek, G. Baumgardner, M. Corrigan, J. Cowsert, T. Harman, M. Jamshidi, W. Jones, D. Newcomb, B. D. Prowell, R. Sines, B. Yeaton, Warm-Mix Asphalt: European Practice. Report No.FHWA-PL08-007, Alexandria, USA, 2008.
[3] A. Vaitkus, D. Cygas, A. Laurinavicius, Z. Perveneckas, Analysis and evaluation of possibilites for the use of warm mix asphalt in Lithuania. Baltic J. Road Bridge Eng. 2009, 4(2), pp. 80-86. https://doi.org/10.3846/1822-427X.2009.4.80-86
[4] N. Bueche, Warm asphalt bituminous mixtures with regards to energy, Emissions and Performance Young Researchers Seminar (YRS) LAVOC-CONF-2010-002, Torino, Italy, 2009.
[5] A. Vaitkus, V. Vorobjovas, L. Ziliut, The research on the use of warm mix asphalt for asphalt pavement structures, Road Department, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuani, 2009.
[6] G. C. Hurley, B. D. Prowell, Evaluation of evotherm for use in warm mix asphalt. national center for asphalt technology. Report 06-02. Auburn University, Auburn, USA, 2006.
[7] J. G. Speight, Chapter 1 - nomenclature and terminology, Editor(s): James G. Speight, Asphalt Materials Science and Technology, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2016, pp. 3-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800273-5.00001-5
[8] X.Y. Huang, B.Y. Li, Mixing temperature design and properties evaluation for SMA-13 mixture. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng, 2017, 167, pp. 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/167/1/012057
[9] H.M.R.D Silva, J.R.M. Oliveira, C.I.G. Ferreira, P.A.A. Pereira, Assessment of the performance of warm mix asphalts in road pavements. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 2010, 3(3), pp. 119-127.
[10] M.C. Rubio, G. Martínez, L. Baena, F. Moreno, Warm mix asphalt: An overview. J. Clean. Prod, 2012, 24, pp. 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.11.053
[11] B.J. Daniela, P. J. Youngblood, J. C. Martinez. Synthesis and characterization of fatty acid amides from commercial vegetable oils and primary alkyl amines for phase change material applications, ACS Sustainable chemistry and Engineering 2020 8(36), pp. 13683-13691. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03626
[12] P. Caputo, A. A. Abe, V. Loise, M. Porto, P. Calandra, R. Angelico, C. O. Rossi, The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: an insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology, Nanomaterials. 2020, 10, pp. 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202
[13] C. Rodrigues, S. Capitao, L. Picado-Santos, A. Almeida, Full recycling of asphalt concrete with waste cooking oil as rejuvenator and LDPE from urban waste as binder modifier, Sustainability. 2020, 12, pp. 8222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198222
[14] J. Zhang, D. Cai, S. Wang, Y. Tang, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Gao. efficient method for the synthesis of fatty acid amide from soybean oil methyl ester catalysed by modified CaO, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 92, pp. 871–875. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21948
[15] W. N. A. Wan Azahar, M. Bujang, R.P. Jaya, M.R. Hainin, A. Mohamed, N. Ngad, D.S. Jayanti, The potential of waste cooking oil as bio-asphalt for alternative binder - An overview, Jurnal Teknologi. 2016, 78, pp. 111-116. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.8007
[16] M. Zargar, E. Ahmadinia, H. Asli and M.R. Karim. Investigation of the possibility of using waste cooking oil as a rejuvenating agent for aged bitumen, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2012, 233–234, pp. 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.021
[2] J. D'Angelo, E. Harm, J. Bartoszek, G. Baumgardner, M. Corrigan, J. Cowsert, T. Harman, M. Jamshidi, W. Jones, D. Newcomb, B. D. Prowell, R. Sines, B. Yeaton, Warm-Mix Asphalt: European Practice. Report No.FHWA-PL08-007, Alexandria, USA, 2008.
[3] A. Vaitkus, D. Cygas, A. Laurinavicius, Z. Perveneckas, Analysis and evaluation of possibilites for the use of warm mix asphalt in Lithuania. Baltic J. Road Bridge Eng. 2009, 4(2), pp. 80-86. https://doi.org/10.3846/1822-427X.2009.4.80-86
[4] N. Bueche, Warm asphalt bituminous mixtures with regards to energy, Emissions and Performance Young Researchers Seminar (YRS) LAVOC-CONF-2010-002, Torino, Italy, 2009.
[5] A. Vaitkus, V. Vorobjovas, L. Ziliut, The research on the use of warm mix asphalt for asphalt pavement structures, Road Department, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuani, 2009.
[6] G. C. Hurley, B. D. Prowell, Evaluation of evotherm for use in warm mix asphalt. national center for asphalt technology. Report 06-02. Auburn University, Auburn, USA, 2006.
[7] J. G. Speight, Chapter 1 - nomenclature and terminology, Editor(s): James G. Speight, Asphalt Materials Science and Technology, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2016, pp. 3-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800273-5.00001-5
[8] X.Y. Huang, B.Y. Li, Mixing temperature design and properties evaluation for SMA-13 mixture. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng, 2017, 167, pp. 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/167/1/012057
[9] H.M.R.D Silva, J.R.M. Oliveira, C.I.G. Ferreira, P.A.A. Pereira, Assessment of the performance of warm mix asphalts in road pavements. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 2010, 3(3), pp. 119-127.
[10] M.C. Rubio, G. Martínez, L. Baena, F. Moreno, Warm mix asphalt: An overview. J. Clean. Prod, 2012, 24, pp. 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.11.053
[11] B.J. Daniela, P. J. Youngblood, J. C. Martinez. Synthesis and characterization of fatty acid amides from commercial vegetable oils and primary alkyl amines for phase change material applications, ACS Sustainable chemistry and Engineering 2020 8(36), pp. 13683-13691. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03626
[12] P. Caputo, A. A. Abe, V. Loise, M. Porto, P. Calandra, R. Angelico, C. O. Rossi, The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: an insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology, Nanomaterials. 2020, 10, pp. 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202
[13] C. Rodrigues, S. Capitao, L. Picado-Santos, A. Almeida, Full recycling of asphalt concrete with waste cooking oil as rejuvenator and LDPE from urban waste as binder modifier, Sustainability. 2020, 12, pp. 8222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198222
[14] J. Zhang, D. Cai, S. Wang, Y. Tang, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Gao. efficient method for the synthesis of fatty acid amide from soybean oil methyl ester catalysed by modified CaO, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014, 92, pp. 871–875. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21948
[15] W. N. A. Wan Azahar, M. Bujang, R.P. Jaya, M.R. Hainin, A. Mohamed, N. Ngad, D.S. Jayanti, The potential of waste cooking oil as bio-asphalt for alternative binder - An overview, Jurnal Teknologi. 2016, 78, pp. 111-116. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.8007
[16] M. Zargar, E. Ahmadinia, H. Asli and M.R. Karim. Investigation of the possibility of using waste cooking oil as a rejuvenating agent for aged bitumen, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2012, 233–234, pp. 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.021