Characteristics of Microplastics in Sediment at Danang Beaches - Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) has been recently attracted the attention of many researches due to their existence for a long time in the environment. MPs are considered as an alarming pollution issue such as their occurence in water, sediment, and organism. In this research, the characteristics of MPs such as their concentration, size, shape and composition of the polymers in the shoreline sediments at the two layers (0- 5 cm and 5 -10 cm) collected from seven beaches on Danang city were investigated by the Fourier-transform infrared (µ-FTIR) method. Consequently, the average concentration of MPs was found at 5565 ± 2359 items 〖kg〗^(-1)dry weight (d.w.) in two layers. The upper layer of beach sediment (0-5 cm) has the majority of MPs with average abundance of 7679 ± 3363 items 〖kg〗^(-1)d.w. MPs had a wide range of sizes from 22.4 μm to 2797.2 μm with an average of 93.4 ± 18.8 μm in sampling sites. In addition, the range size from 20 to 150 μm was the most dominance in both layers. The morphology of MPs was found in the sediment with the most diversity of fragment. The variation of the polymer types of the MPs in two sampling layers was determined. Polyamide (PA) was the main polymer type found in both sediment layers while polyether sulfone (PES) was observed only at 4/7 sampling beaches. These results showed the diversity of the MPs in the two sediment layers of the seven beaches in Danang city and it is necessary to study on MPs pollution in sediment on beaches of Vietnam in future.
Keywords
Microplastics (MPs), Danang beaches, morphology, sediment, polymer
Article Details
References
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[2] M. Imran, K. R. Das, and M. M. Naik, 2019, Co-selection of multi-antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens in metal and microplastic contaminated environments: An emerging health threat, Chemosphere, vol. 215. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 846-857, 01-Jan-2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.114
[3] R. C. Thompson, C. J. Moore, F. S. V. Saal, and S. H. Swan, 2009, Plastics, the environment and human health: Current consensus and future trends, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 364, no. 1526. Royal Society, pp. 2153-2166, 27-Jul-2009. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0053
[4] M. Van Do, T. X. T. Le, N. D. Vu, and T. T. Dang, 2022, Distribution and occurrence of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, Environ. Technol. Innov., vol. 26, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102286
[5] N. D. Thanh, V. A. Thu, D. T. Thom, D. T. Manh, P. M. Tuan, L. X. T. Thao, V. D. Ngo, T. V. Tuyen, D. V. Manh, 2022, Investigation of microplastics existence in mussel (Perna viridis) from Ha Long bay, Vietnam, Vietnam J. Sci. Technol., vol. 60, no. 5B, pp. 1-10, 2022.
[6] S. C. Gall and R. C. Thompson, 2015, The impact of debris on marine life, Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 92, no. 1-2, pp. 170-179, Mar. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.041
[7] Shim, W.J., Hong, S.H., Eo, S., 2018. Marine micropla8stics: Abundance, distribution, and composition. In: Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments. Elsevier, pp. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813747-5.00001-1.
[8] Eo, S., Hong, S.H., Song, Y.K., Lee, J., Lee, J., Shim, W.J., 2018. Abundance, composition, and distribution of microplastics larger than 20 μm in sand beaches of South Korea. Environ. Pollut. 238, 894-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.096
[9] Van Manh Do, Thi Thom Dang, Xuan Thanh Thao Le, Duy Thanh Nguyen, Duc Long Huynh, Thi Linh Nguyen, Thi Thuy Linh Doan, Dinh Ngo Vu, Hong Anh Duong, Hung Viet Pham, 2021. Characterisation of microplastic debris in beach sediment of the coastal zone in Vietnam: A preliminary study in Da Nang, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, 63 (11ĐB). http://doi: 10.31276/VJST.63(11DB).07-13.
[10] Quynh Anh Tran Nguyen, Hoai Nhu Y Nguyen, Emilie Strady, Quy Tuan Nguyen, Mau Trinh-Dang, Van Minh Vo, 2020. Characteristics of microplastics in shoreline sediments from a tropical and urbanized beach (Da Nang, Vietnam), Marine Pollution Bulletin, 161(202)111768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111768
[11] Masura, J., et al. (2015). Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments. Siver Spring, MD, NOAA Marine Debris Division, 31pp. (NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-48). http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-604.
[12] T. T. Hien, N. T. T. Nhon, V. T. M. Thu, D. T. T. Quyen, and N. T. Nguyen, 2020, The distribution of microplastics in beach sand in Tien Giang Province and Vung Tau City, Vietnam, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 208-221, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.2.6
[13] Q. A. Tran Nguyen, H. N. Y. Nguyen, E. Strady, Q. T. Nguyen, M. Trinh - Dang, and V. M. Vo, 2020, Characteristics of microplastics in shoreline sediments from a tropical and urbanized beach (Da Nang, Vietnam), Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 161, p. 111768, Dec. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111768
[14] H. S. Lo, X. Xu, C. Y. Wong, and S. G. Cheung, 2018, Comparisons of microplastic pollution between mudflats and sandy beaches in Hong Kong, Environ. Pollut., vol. 236, pp. 208-217, May 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.031
[15] X. Yu, J. Peng, J. Wang, K. Wang, and S. Bao, 2016, Occurrence of microplastics in the beach sand of the Chinese inner sea: The Bohai Sea, Environ. Pollut., vol. 214, pp. 722-730, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.080
[16] A. Turra, A. B. Manzano, R. J. S. Dias, M. M. Mahiques, L. Barbosa, D. Balthazar-Silva, F. T. Moreira, 2014, Three-dimensional distribution of plastic pellets in sandy beaches: Shifting paradigms, Sci. Rep., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-7, Mar. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04435
[17] V. Godoy, J. C. Prata, G. Blazquez, A. I. Almendros, A. C. Duarte, T. Rocha-Santos, M. Calero, M. A. Martin-Lara, 2020, “Effects of distance to the sea and geomorphological characteristics on the quantity and distribution of microplastics in beach sediments of Granada (Spain), Sci. Total Environ., vol. 746, p. 142023, Dec. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142023
[18] A. Naji, M. Nuri, P. Amiri, and S. Niyogi, 2019, Small microplastic particles (S-MPPs) in sediments of mangrove ecosystem on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 146, pp. 305-311, Sep. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.033
[19] J. C. Alvarez-Zeferino, S. Ojeda-Benítez, A. A. Cruz-Salas, C. Martínez-Salvador, and A. Vázquez-Morillas, 2020, Microplastics in Mexican beaches, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 155, p. 104633, Apr. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104633
[20] R. O. Castro, M. L. da Silva, M. R. C. Marques, and F. V. de Araújo, 2020, Spatio-temporal evaluation of macro, meso and microplastics in surface waters, bottom and beach sediments of two embayments in Niterói, RJ, Brazil, Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 160, p. 111537, Nov. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111537