Electric-Based Heating System for Cold Start and Idling Performances Enhancement of Carburetor Engine Fueled with Bio-Ethanol
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bio-ethanol, one of the most popular alternative fuels, has been applied widely in the world to replace conventional fuel in internal combustion engines, especially in spark ignition engines. Bio-ethanol fuel is characterized by higher heat of vaporization value and low Reid vapor pressure in comparison with conventional gasoline fuel. These properties contribute to the lower temperature of the intake mixture and less effective mixture formation, which then affect engine performance, especially at cold starting and idling conditions. In this study, an electric-based heating system (EHS) was designed to increase intake air temperature, enhancing cold starting ability and idling stability. The experimental results show that, with the EHS, the cold start ability of the testing engine improves remarkably at low ambient temperature conditions. In addition, the cold idling speed of the test engine in the case of using EHS is more stable than the case of without the system.
Keywords
Biofuel-ethanol, EHS, cold start, idling stability
Article Details
References
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.057
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hydrogen supplementation to produce acceptable cold
start performance of engines using a high-blend
ethanol fuel, in IECEC 2002, Washington, DC, USA,
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https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2002.1392127
[22] Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine, Frank P.
Incropera, David P. DeWitt. Fundamentals of heat and
mass transfer, 8th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2019.
Performance enhancement and emission reduction of
used motorcycles using flexible fuel technology,
J. Energy Inst, vol.91, no.1, pp. 145-152, Feb. 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2016.09.004.
[2] Khanh, N. D. and Vinh, N.D., Study on performance
enhancement and emission reduction of used
fuel-injected motorcycles using bi-fuel gasoline-LPG,
Energy Sustainable Dev., vol.43, pp.60-67, Apr. 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2017.12.005.
[3] Khanh, N. D., Vinh, N. D., Long, H. D., Thanh, N. V.,
and Tuan, L. A., Performance and emission
characteristics of a port fuel injected, spark ignition
engine fueled by compressed natural gas, Sustainable
Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 31, pp. 383-389,
Feb. 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.12.018
[4] A. Vijin Prabhu, R. Manimaran, P. Jeba & R. Babu,
Effect of methane enrichment on the performance of a
dual fuel CI engine, Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 42,
no. 3, pp. 325-330 Dec.2018,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1550017
[5] Sajin Justin Abraham Baby, S. Suresh Babu &
Yuvarajan Devarajan, Performance study of neat
biodiesel-gas fuelled diesel engine, Int. J. Ambient
Energy, vol.42, no.3, pp. 269-273, Nov. 2018,
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01430750.2018.1542625
[6] S. Kathirvel, Apurba Layek & S. Muthuraman,
Performance characteristics of CI engine using blends
of waste cooking oil methyl ester, ethanol and diesel,
Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 41, no.5, pp. 570-581, Jun.
2018,
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01430750.2018.1477061
[7] Del Pecchia, M., Pessina, V., Berni, F., d’ Adamo, A.,
& Fontanesi, S., Gasoline-ethanol blend formulation to
mimic laminar flame speed and auto-ignition quality in
automotive engines, Fuel, vol. 264, pp. 116741, 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116741
[8] A. Karthikeyan, D. Venkatesh & T. Ramkumar,
Experimental investigation on spark ignition engine
using blends of bio-ethanol produced from citrus peel
wastes, Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 38, no. 2,
pp. 112-115, Jun. 2017,
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01430750.2015.1048900
[9] V. Saikrishnan, A. Karthikeyan & J. Jayaprabakar,
Analysis of ethanol blends on spark ignition engines,
Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 103-107,
Jan. 2017,
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01430750.2016.1269678
[10] P. Iodice, A. Senatore, G. Langella, A. Amoresano,
Advantages of ethanol-gasoline blends as fuel substitute
for last generation Si engines, Environ. Prog. Sustain.
Energy, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1173-1179, Jan. 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12545
[11] P. Iodice, G. Langella, A. Amoresano, Ethanol in
gasoline fuel blends: Effect on fuel consumption and
engine out emissions of SI engines in cold operating
conditions, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 130,
pp. 1081-1089, Feb. 2018,
https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.090
[12] Iodice, P. and Senatore, A., Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels on cold start emissions of a
four-stroke motorcycle. Methodology and Results,
SAE Technical Paper 2013-24-0117, Aug. 2013,
https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-24-0117
[13] Tien Nguyen Duy, Yen-Lien T. Nguyen, Truc Nguyen
the, Khanh Nguyen Duc, Vinh Nguyen Duy & Toan
Nguyen Duc, Performance and emission of a converted
bio-fuel motorcycle engine in cold condition: A case
study, Energ Source Part A, vol. 45, no. 1,
pp. 3056-3069, Mar 2023,
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/15567036.2023.2191063
[14] Truyen, Pham Huu, Pham Huu Tuyen, Pham Minh
Tuan and Le Anh Tuan, Influence of E10, E15 and E20
fuels on performance and emissions of in-use gasoline
passenger cars, ASEAN Engineering Journal, vol. 4,
no. 2, pp. 33-40, 2015,
https://doi.org/10.11113/aej.v4.15449
[15] Tuyen Pham Huu, Khanh Nguyen Duc, Truc Nguyen
The, Tien Nguyen Duy & Nguyen The Luong, An
experimental study on wear, deposits, performance, and
emissions of bio-fueled motorcycle engines, Energ
Source Part A, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1309-1320, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2023.2178549
[16] Duy, V. N., Duc, K. N., Cong, D. N., Xa, H. N., &
Le Anh, T., Experimental study on improving
performance and emission characteristics of used
motorcycle fueled with ethanol by exhaust gas heating
transfer system, Energy Sustainable Dev., vol. 51,
pp. 56-62, Aug. 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2019.05.006
[17] Colli, G., Castejon, D., Salvetti, A., and Volpato, O.,
Heated injector cold start system for flex-fuel
motorcycles, SAE Technical Paper 2010-36-0156,
Oct. 2010,
https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-36-0156.
[18] Kabasin, D., Hoyer, K., Kazour, J., Lamers, R., &
Hurter, T., Heated injectors for ethanol cold starts,
SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 172-179,
Apr. 2009,
https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0615
[19] Amaral, T., Moreira, F., Yoshino, F., Cavalhieri, H. et
al., Self-controlled electronic cold start system for
flexible fuel vehicles, SAE Technical Paper 2014-36-
0208, Sep. 2014,
https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-36-0208.
[20] Monteiro Sales, L. C., & Sodré, J. R., Cold start
characteristics of an ethanol-fuelled engine with heated
intake air and fuel, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 40,
pp. 198-201, Jul. 2012,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.057
[21] G.W. Davis, The determination of minimum levels of
hydrogen supplementation to produce acceptable cold
start performance of engines using a high-blend
ethanol fuel, in IECEC 2002, Washington, DC, USA,
2022, pp. 675-679.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2002.1392127
[22] Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine, Frank P.
Incropera, David P. DeWitt. Fundamentals of heat and
mass transfer, 8th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2019.