Study on Determining Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid in Fishery Products
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for simultaneous determining perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in fishery products. QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe), originally developed by Anastassiades, was modified to extract samples. The samples were hydrated and extracted with acetonitrile and formic acid, supported by inorganic salts, matrix co-extracts were removed by C18 and the extracts were passed through OASIS PRiME HLB cartridges. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of PFOA and PFOS were 0.016 ng/g, 0.05 ng/g and 0.05 ng/g, 0.15 ng/g, respectively. The recovery ranged from 96.2 – 120%, all repeatability is satisfactory (RSD < 21%). 10 fishery samples were analyzed, in which PFOA was detected in 2 samples and PFOS was not detected.
Keywords
PFOA, PFOS, fishery products, LC-MS/MS, QuEChERS
Article Details
References
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[3] Susan D. Richardson, Environmental mass spectrometry: emerging contaminants and current issues, Analytical Chemistry, vol. 80, iss. 12, May. 2008, pp. 4373-4402. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac800660d;
[4] Marta Villagrasa, Maria López de Alda, Damià Barceló, Environmental analysis of fluorinated alkyl substances by liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry: a review, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 386, May. 2006, pp. 953-972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0026-006-0471-9;
[5] UN Environment Programme, Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty, 2009;
[6] UN Environment Programme, Chemicals proposed for listing under the convention: Dicofol; Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds; Perfluoro-hexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds, 2018;
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[8] Kristen J. Hansen, Lisa A. Clemen, Mark E. Ellefson, and Harold O. Johnson, Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices, Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 35, iss. 4, Jan. 2001, pp. 766-770. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001489z;
[9] Kurunthachalam Kannan, Simonetta Corsolini, Jerzy Falandysz, Günter Oehme, Silvano Focardi, John P. Giesy, Perfluorooctane-sulfonate and related fluorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammals, fishes, and birds from coasts of the Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas, Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 36, iss. 15, Jun. 2002, pp. 3210-3216. https://doi.org/10.1021/es020519q;
[10] Michelangelo Anastassiades, Steven J. Lehotay, Darinka Stajnbaher, Frank J. Schenck, Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of pesticide residues in produce, Journal of AOAC International, vol. 86, iss. 2, Mar. 2003, pp. 412-431. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.2.412;
[11] Steven J. Lehotay, Katerina Mastovská, Seon Jong Yun, Evaluation of two fast and easy methods for pesticide residue analysis in fatty food matrixes, Journal of AOAC International, vol. 88, iss. 2, Mar. 2005, pp. 630-638;
[12] AOAC International, AOAC Official Methods of Analysis, Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements, Appendix F, 2016;
[13] Tran Thi Lieu, Hoang Quoc Anh, Nguyen Thi Anh Huong, Tu Minh Nhat, Nguyen Trong Nghia, Nguyen Thi Chuc, Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa, Le Huu Tuyen, Assessment of contamination levels and exposure risk of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in Vietnamese fish, Vietnam Journal of Food Control (VJFC), vol. 5, no.4, Oct. 2022. https://doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.4012;
[14] Nguyen Hoang Lam, Chon-Rae Cho, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Hyeon-Seo Cho, A nationwide survey of perfluorinated alkyl substances in waters, sediment and biota collected from aquatic environment in Vietnam: distributions and bioconcentration profiles, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 323, Part A, Feb. 2017, pp. 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.010;
[15] Meng Chen, Lingyan Zhu, Qiang Wang, Guoqiang Shan, Tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fishes from Taihu lake, China, Environmental Pollution, vol. 268, Part A, Jan. 2021, 115887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115887;
[16] Mai Duc Hung, Nguyen Hoang Lam, Hui Ho Jeong, Hyeon Ji Jeong, Da Jin Jeong, Gyeong Hwa Park, Pil Jae Kim, Jeong Eun Oh & Hyeon Seo Cho, Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in ten edible freshwater fish species from major rivers and lakes in Korea: distribution and human exposure by consumption, Toxicology and Environmental Health Science, vol. 10, 2018, pp. 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-018-0379-8