Polysaccharide from Sargassum oligocystum algae: isolation, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Main Article Content
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides from algae have gained increasing attention for their biological activities and potential for applications in food, pharmacology, medicine, and biology fields. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Viscozyme enzyme on the polysaccharide extraction from Sargassum oligocystum algae. Then, the obtained polysaccharides were purified by using the Sevag method and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography before evaluating the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results show that the obtained polysaccharide was 2.06 ± 0.027 mg/g based on dry mass after extraction and the obtained purified polysaccharide with a purity of 76.28%, which was determined via the UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra with characteristic peaks. Antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides from S. oligocystum algae by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging tests with IC50 values of 4.90 ± 0.09 ppm and 4.01 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the obtained polysaccharides by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP) with OD0.5 values were 3.52 ± 0.10 ppm and 0.27 ± 0.01 ppm, respectively. The antibacterial ability of the obtained polysaccharide was concentration-dependent in the surveyed range of 200–1000 ppm via inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (7.02 ± 1.01 mm to 13.33 ± 2.08 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (4.67 ± 1.15 mm to 12.00 ± 1.73 mm).
Keywords
Antioxidant, antibacterial, polysaccharide, Sargassum oligocystum
Article Details
References
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[2] T. Isao, H. Q. Nang, N. H. Dinh, A. Shogo, and Y. Tadao, The Common Marine Plants of Southern Vietnam, Japan Seaweed Association, Japan, 250 pages.
[3] E. Gómez-Ordóñez, A. Jiménez-Escrig, and P. Rupérez, Dietary fibre and physicochemical properties of several edible seaweeds from the northwestern Spanish coast, Food Research International, vol. 43, iss. 9, pp. 2289-2294, Nov. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.08.005
[4] L. S. E. W. Castro, T. S. Pinheiro, A. J. Castro, C. M. Dore, N. B. da Silva, M. G. Faustino Alves, and E. L. Leite, Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown macroalgae Lobophora variegata with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral effects, Applied Phycology, vol. 26, pp. 1783-1794, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0217-y
[5] S. N. Somasundaram, S. Shanmugam, B. Subramanian, and R. Jaganathan, Cytotoxic effect of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum cinereum on colon cancer cell line HCT-15, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 91, pp. 1215-1223, Oct. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.084
[6] B. Ren, C. Chen, C. Li, X. Fu, L. You, and R. H. Liu, Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of Sargassum thunbergii polysaccharides and its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 173, pp. 192-201, Oct. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.094
[7] O. P. N. Yarley, A. B. Kojo, C. Zhou, X. Yu, A. Gideon, H. H. Kwadwo, and O. Richard, Reviews on mechanisms of in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities of water-soluble plant polysaccharides, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 183, pp. 2262-2271, Jul. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.181
[8] V. T. T. Hoa, N. T. Khoi, H. T. N. Nhon, Study on fucoidan purification from Ceratophyllum submersum alga, Journal of Science Technology and Food, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 104-113, 2019.
[9] H. T. Giang, D. T. H. Oanh, and N. V. Ut, Bioactivity of Polysaccharide from the brown algae Sargassum mcclurei extracted by different solvents, Collection of Marine Research Works, vol. 19, pp. 124-133, 2013.
[10] N. D. Nhut, B. M. Ly, N. M. Cuong, and T. V. Sung, Isolation and characteristics of fucoidan from five Sargassum species in Central Vietnam, Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 339, 2007.
[11] S. Wang, X. Dong, and J. Tong, Optimization of enzyme-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from alfalfa and its antioxidant activity, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 62, pp. 387-396, Nov. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.029
[12] K. Mishra, H. Ojha, and N. K. Chaudhury, Estimation of antiradical properties of antioxidants using DPPH assay: a critical review and results, Food Chemistry, vol. 130, iss. 4, pp. 1036-1043, Feb. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.127
[13] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 26, iss. 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, May 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
[14] R. Padma, N. Parvathy, V. Renjith, P. R. Kalpana, and P. Rahate, Quantitative estimation of tannins, phenols and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Imperata cylindrica, International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 73-77, Jan. 2013.
[15] I. F. Benzie and J. J. Strain, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay, Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 239, no. 1, pp. 70-76, Jul. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
[16] X. Zhao, C. H. Xue, Z. J. Li, Y. P. Cai, H. Y. Liu, and H. T., Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide from Laminaria japonica, Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 16, pp. 111-115, Mar. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JAPH.0000044822.10744.59
[17] Z. Mzoughi, A. Abdelhamid, C. Rihouey, D. Le Cerf, A. Bouraoui, and H. Majdoub, Optimized extraction of pectin-like polysaccharide from Suaeda fruticosa leaves: Characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 185, pp. 127-137, Apr. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.022
[18] V. H. Bac, N. T. T. Huong, and L. V. Truong, Optimized extraction of polysaccharide from Pseuderanthemum caruthersii (Seem.) Guill. var. atropurpureum (Bull.) Fosb, Academia Journal of Biology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 162-167, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v40n2.12697
[19] D. Rodrigues, S. Sousa, A. Silva, M. Amorim, L. Pereira, T. A. Rocha-Santos, and A. C. Freitas, Impact of enzyme- and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods on biological properties of red, brown, and green seaweeds from the central west coast of Portugal, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 3177-3189, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf504220e
[20] L. Shi, Bioactivities, isolation and purification methods of polysaccharides from natural products: A review, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 92, pp. 37-48, Nov. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.100
[21] H. Tian, H. Liu, W. Song, L. Zhu, T. Zhang, R. Li, and X. Yin, Structure, antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of the polysaccharides from Sargassum carpophyllum, Algal Research, vol. 49, Aug. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101853
[22] I. P. Fernando, K. K. Sanjeewa, K. W. Samarakoon, W. W. Lee, H. S. Kim, A. E. Kim, and Y. J. Jeon, FTIR characterization and antioxidant activity of water soluble crude polysaccharides of Sri Lankan marine algae, Algae, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 75-86, Mar. 2017. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2017.32.12.1
[23] Y. Okawa, M. Miyauchi, K. Goto, P. Giummelly, and P. Bulletin, Antigenicity of cell wall mannans of Candida albicans NIH A-207 strain cells cultured in galactose-added yeast nitrogen base medium, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 391-393, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.391
[24] J. Chen, T. Zhang, B. Jiang, W. Mu, and M. Miao, Characterization and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 40-45, Jan. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.083
[25] P. Vijayabaskar, N. Vaseela, and G. Thirumaran, Potential antibacterial and antioxidant properties of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown marine algae Sargassum swartzii, Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, vol. 10, iss. 6, pp. 421-428, Nov. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(12)60082-X
[26] W. A. Violando and N. M. Safitri, Minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial sulfated polysaccharides of Sargassum cristaefolium against Bacillus subtilis, Journal of Applied Biosciences, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 136-144, 2020.