Output Feedback Adaptive Pitch Angle Control for Variable Speed Wind Turbine
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper proposes a simple adaptive controller for pitch angle control of the variable speed wind turbine. The aim of the controller is to keep the speed of the generator at the rated value when the wind speed is above the nominal value. The controller contains two components: one is output feedback component for stable purpose, the other is adaptive component to cancel the effect of nonlinearities, system uncertainties, and external disturbances. The controller does not need information of system parameters and wind speed then it is robust to the system uncertainties as well as wind speed varying. Moreover, this controller is quite simple, so it is easy for implementation. The stability of the closed loop and the convergence of the adaptive law is mathematically proven via Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness of the given scheme is verified via simulation under two scenarios: step wind speed and random wind speed. Also, the comparisons are done between proposed adaptive controller, the corresponding nonadaptive controller, and the PID controller. The simulation results show that, for both cases, the given adaptive controller has the best responses with low steady state error of rotor speed, low overshoot, and smooth output power.
Keywords
Adaptive, output feedback, pitch angle control, wind turbine
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
[1] I. Qi and Q. Meng, The application of fuzzy PID control in titch wind turbine, Energy Procedia, Part C, pp. 1635-1641, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.254
[2] H. Abdulhamed and K. Reza, Wind turbine control using PI pitch angle controller, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 241-246, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3182/20120328-3-IT-3014.00041
[3] B. Boukhezzara, L. Lupua, H. Siguerdidjanea, and M. Hand, Multivariable control strategy for variable speed wind turbines, Renewable Energy, vol. 32, pp. 1273–1287, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.06.010
[4] B. Zahra, H. Salhi, and A. Mellit, Wind turbine performance enhancement by control of pitch angle using PID controller and particle swarm optimization, 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering - Boumerdes (ICEE-B), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE-B.2017.8192221
[5] F. D. Bianchi, H. D. Battista, and R. J. Mantz, Wind turbine control systems: Principles, modelling and gain scheduling design, New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2006.
[6] F. Lescher, J. Y. Zhao, and P. Borne, Robust gain scheduling controller for pitch regulated variable speed wind turbine, Studies in Informatic and Control, vol. 14, no. 4, 2005.
[7] H. Ren, B. Hou, G. Zhou, L. Shen, C. Wei, and Q. Li, Variable pitch active disturbance rejection control of wind turbines based on BP neural network PID, IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987912
[8] L. Jianglin, R. J. Patton, and Z. Xiaoyuan, Fault-tolerant wind turbine pitch control using adaptive sliding mode estimation, Renewable Energy, vol. 116, part B, pp. 219-231, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.005
[9] Y. Xiuxing, W. Zhang, Z. Jiang, and Li Pan, Adaptive robust integral sliding mode pitch angle control of an electro-hydraulic servo pitch system for wind turbine, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 133, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.09.026
[10] C. Zhang and F. Plestan, Individual/collective blade pitch control of floating wind turbine based on adaptive second order sliding mode, Ocean Engineering, vol. 228, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108897
[11] A. Lasheen, M. Elnaggar, and H. Yassin, Adaptive control design and implementation for collective pitch in wind energy conversion systems, ISA Transactions, vol. 102, pp. 251-263, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2019.11.019
[12] Q. Yang, X. Jiao, Q. Luo, Q. Chen, Y. Sun, L1 adaptive pitch angle controller of wind energy conversion systems, ISA Transactions, vol. 103, pp. 28-36, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2020.04.001
[13] R. Burns, Advanced Control Engineering, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2001
[14] K. S. Islam, W. Shen, A. Mahmud, M. A. Chowdhury, and J. Zhang, Stability enhancement of DFIG wind turbine using LQR pitch control over rated wind speed, 2016 IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA.2016.7603862
[15] R. M. Imran, D. M. A. Hussain, M. Soltani, DAC with LQR control design for pitch regulated variable speed wind turbine, 2014 IEEE 36th International Telecommunications Energy Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2014.6972153
[16] B. Beltran, T. Ahmed-Ali, and M. E. H. Benbouzid, Sliding mode power control of variable-speed wind energy conversion systems, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, no. 2 pp. 551–558, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2007.914163
[17] Y. Ren, L. Li, J. Brendley, and L. Jiang, Nonlinear PI control for variable pitch wind turbine, Control Engineering Practice, vol. 50, pp. 84-94, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.02.004
[18] Z. Shi, Z. Wang, Adaptive output-feedback optimal control for continuous-time linear systems based on adaptive dynamic programming approach, Neurocomputing, vol. 438, pp. 334-344, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.01.070
[2] H. Abdulhamed and K. Reza, Wind turbine control using PI pitch angle controller, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 241-246, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3182/20120328-3-IT-3014.00041
[3] B. Boukhezzara, L. Lupua, H. Siguerdidjanea, and M. Hand, Multivariable control strategy for variable speed wind turbines, Renewable Energy, vol. 32, pp. 1273–1287, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.06.010
[4] B. Zahra, H. Salhi, and A. Mellit, Wind turbine performance enhancement by control of pitch angle using PID controller and particle swarm optimization, 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering - Boumerdes (ICEE-B), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE-B.2017.8192221
[5] F. D. Bianchi, H. D. Battista, and R. J. Mantz, Wind turbine control systems: Principles, modelling and gain scheduling design, New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2006.
[6] F. Lescher, J. Y. Zhao, and P. Borne, Robust gain scheduling controller for pitch regulated variable speed wind turbine, Studies in Informatic and Control, vol. 14, no. 4, 2005.
[7] H. Ren, B. Hou, G. Zhou, L. Shen, C. Wei, and Q. Li, Variable pitch active disturbance rejection control of wind turbines based on BP neural network PID, IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987912
[8] L. Jianglin, R. J. Patton, and Z. Xiaoyuan, Fault-tolerant wind turbine pitch control using adaptive sliding mode estimation, Renewable Energy, vol. 116, part B, pp. 219-231, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.005
[9] Y. Xiuxing, W. Zhang, Z. Jiang, and Li Pan, Adaptive robust integral sliding mode pitch angle control of an electro-hydraulic servo pitch system for wind turbine, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 133, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.09.026
[10] C. Zhang and F. Plestan, Individual/collective blade pitch control of floating wind turbine based on adaptive second order sliding mode, Ocean Engineering, vol. 228, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108897
[11] A. Lasheen, M. Elnaggar, and H. Yassin, Adaptive control design and implementation for collective pitch in wind energy conversion systems, ISA Transactions, vol. 102, pp. 251-263, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2019.11.019
[12] Q. Yang, X. Jiao, Q. Luo, Q. Chen, Y. Sun, L1 adaptive pitch angle controller of wind energy conversion systems, ISA Transactions, vol. 103, pp. 28-36, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2020.04.001
[13] R. Burns, Advanced Control Engineering, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2001
[14] K. S. Islam, W. Shen, A. Mahmud, M. A. Chowdhury, and J. Zhang, Stability enhancement of DFIG wind turbine using LQR pitch control over rated wind speed, 2016 IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA.2016.7603862
[15] R. M. Imran, D. M. A. Hussain, M. Soltani, DAC with LQR control design for pitch regulated variable speed wind turbine, 2014 IEEE 36th International Telecommunications Energy Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2014.6972153
[16] B. Beltran, T. Ahmed-Ali, and M. E. H. Benbouzid, Sliding mode power control of variable-speed wind energy conversion systems, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, no. 2 pp. 551–558, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2007.914163
[17] Y. Ren, L. Li, J. Brendley, and L. Jiang, Nonlinear PI control for variable pitch wind turbine, Control Engineering Practice, vol. 50, pp. 84-94, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.02.004
[18] Z. Shi, Z. Wang, Adaptive output-feedback optimal control for continuous-time linear systems based on adaptive dynamic programming approach, Neurocomputing, vol. 438, pp. 334-344, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.01.070