Using the Ethereum Blockchain Platform for Data Storage and Protection in Model Predictive Frequency Control System of Microgrid

Abstract

Microgrids with high penetration of renewable energy sources (REs) require secure, transparent, and reliable data exchange to maintain stable operation. However, communication delays and False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) can severely degrade system performance and compromise control reliability. To address these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-assisted Distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC) framework using the Ethereum platform and smart contracts to enhance data storage security and integrity verification in microgrid operation. The primary control layer employs Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) with harmonic suppression and virtual-impedance-based droop control, while the secondary layer implements a DMPC strategy to achieve frequency consensus and coordinated power sharing among Distributed Generators (DGs). All control signals and measurement data are encrypted, transmitted, and immutably stored on the blockchain through Ganache and Web3.js, enabling robust protection against data manipulation and FDIA. Simulation results on a four-DGs microgrid in MATLAB/Simulink show that the proposed method maintains identical control performance compared to the conventional system, demonstrating that blockchain integration enhances transparency and cybersecurity without degrading dynamic response or control accuracy.