Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage Systems-Integrated Energy Trading in a Microgrid-Tied Electric Vehicle Charging Cluster

Abstract

A microgrid-connected electric vehicle charging cluster with photovoltaic (PV) generation, battery energy storage systems (BESS) and local energy sharing is evaluated using a proposed techno-economic framework. The suggested system studies the impact of local PV generation, stationary storage and internal energy exchange on grid import, energy export, PV self-consumption and operating cost. The BESS improves the dispatchability of variable PV generation by storing excess energy and supplying charging demand in the high-price or high-load periods. Internal energy trading allows the surplus energy of hybrid charging stations to support the deficit stations in the vicinity before interacting with the utility grid. Simulation results show that the coordinated operation can reduce dependence on the grid, limit the export of low-value energy, improve the utilization of local renewable energy and reduce the overall operating cost of the charging cluster. The proposed framework therefore provides a practical basis for assessing the economic and technical feasibility of renewable-assisted EV charging clusters under different solar, storage, and tariff conditions